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Dear college admissions, Affirmative action really helps minorities and under privileged Americans. It helps them pay for college and get the right training they need for success later on in life, which will help the, later on in life to get better Jobs. Hand in hand it'll help out our economy in the long run. I can understand that some people would say that it wouldn't be beneficial for the people that aren't from minority backgrounds and that ffirmative action is discrimination.People may say that its discrimination because the people registering students are looking if theyre for ethnicity to see if they need help paying for school. But in my opinion you money only comes in one color, and that's green. If I could change some things about affirmative action it would be that the applicants wouldn't have to be of color or ethnicity, they would Just have to meet the income requirements.We would check their parent's annual income and see the best fit amount of money for their situation . When someone applies it shouldn't tell us the race of the applicant, it should Just state the income, parents in the household, and the other basic information. Race shouldn't influence others opinions.

Improving Study Habits Essay

â€Å"The greatest time saver is being organized. Establish routines that go like clockwork.† Maximizing time makes an individual productive. Personal time management is organizing and managing according to personal priorities, to get where one wants to go. Those who use this technique are the highest achievers in all walks of life. The interesting and essential step in beginning to manage time more effectively is to identify how time is being spent, because only through examining, one can begin to set priorities, eliminate time barriers and aids to better time management. In the course of Bachelor of Science in Psychology, students need to learn many skills that are needed in practicing the actual profession. Psychology students have so many academic requirements to prioritize, but they also have extra-curricular that are important as well, and they always need to cope with time pressure. College is an entirely different situation than high school. Classes consist of far fewer grades, but they are worth it when you are done. Do not tell yourself, â€Å"I’ll read the assignment later,† because often times you merely end up cramming right before the test; research indicates that cramming is not the best (nor is it the worst) method of studying. At first, different factors can affect the academic performance of a students in order to achieve success, going through the steps are necessary. It should provide time for students to review activities and prevent too many errors that results to unaccomplished tasks or tasks that are accomplished, but after several attempts to do so. It reduces avoidance and welcomes other opportunities that could help in preparing for other tasks. This study will contribute to the perception of the future psychology students in prioritizing the academic activities and requirements in terms of importance and urgency. The researchers conducted a survey regarding the said topic at Centro Escolar University among the second year psychology students. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting the study habits and the effects to academic performance on psychology students’ particularly in the second year level. Habits (or wonts) are routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously or â€Å"A habit, from the standpoint of psychology, is a more or less fixed way of thinking, willing, or feeling acquired through previous repetition of a mental experience.† As behaviors are repeated in a consistent context, there is an incremental increase in the link between the context and the action. This increases the automaticity of the behavior in that context. Features of an automatic behavior are all or some of: efficiency, lack of awareness, unintentionally, and uncontrollability. And a bad habit is an undesirable behavior pattern. Anyone interested in getting better results, becoming more productive and ultimately more successful should probably take an honest look at the problem of procrastination. Most people think procrastination is just an issue that involves putting things off that can be done later without much of a penalty. But if procrastination will become your habit especially in your study what would be the effect of it in your academic performances? Statement of the problem. 1. What are the bad habits/behavior/attitude toward the respondent’s subjects? Ans. Gagawin pa yang sentence. Lack of interest in the subject area, Unable to set priorities (extra curricular activities, entertainment, etc.), Lack of prerequisites for success in the current subject area, Unstable home life ability to concentrate, lack of interest or motivation to succeed, procrastinating, habitual lateness, overextension, Inability to Prioritize, Negative Mindset and Fear of Failure 2. Does the negative attitudes and habits of psychology students affect their academic performances? 3. The reasons why they act/behave that way. Gagamitan naten to ng theories ha :†) at d pa to tapos. Lack of Focus, Family problems, social lives (including texting, IM’ing, etc.), outside distractions (phone, music, TV),

Leg 100 (Business Law)

Social Media plays a vital role in all aspects of businesses nowadays. It has helped in turning communications into interactive dialogues among organizations, communities and individuals which has led to a much proper propagation of information. It may include web based or mobile based technologies and the existence in multiple forms has made it all the more tempting and has become a necessity today in the business world.The four characteristics of a legally astute manager, include an acceptance of how important the law is to the success of the organization, a proactive attitude toward legal issues and regulations the ability to use informed judgment when faced with decisions involving legal implications, and having the knowledge of specific laws, regulations, tools and resources. A social media marketing manager must be specific in these qualifications due to the fairly new concept of social media when comparing it to other avenues of marketing like television, print and radio (Fran klin, B. ). Most company’s main goal is to keep its costs low.Companies do so by creating their own logistics and distribution of their products. They have managed to reduce costs by demanding high productivity from their employees, but wages paid do not meet the demand. They have also pushed many of their suppliers to outsource their products so they can produce more at a lower cost. Wal-Mart as an example attempts to conduct business practices by the law, but over the years have been subjected to over 5,000 lawsuits ranging from discrimination to unfair labor practices, which means that members of the corporation may not be following the laws as stated.There are also problems with suburban sprawl and lost jobs from outsourcing. List and analyze methods of alternative dispute resolution and determine which would be most effective in resolving genuine disputes that arise with consumers who may make purchases from businesses that provide links via social media. Resolving a dis pute should always be thought out before any approach is attempted. The effect could sometime be more damaging than the initial problem. One should always consider the â€Å"what ifs† and the â€Å"if this, then what.†I personally have always been the type to give thought before reacting. Always begin to solve a dispute through negotiation. The dispute being between two people in a group, the first step will be: negotiate before the issue has to come up again. If the dispute is still unresolved then we will move to the next step. The second approach will combine negotiation and mediation. Always pick a team leader and rely on the team leader to be the mediator for the dispute between the two team members, so that they can negotiate their dispute.If the team leader is one with the dispute, then we will rely on the next appointed leader to mediate the situation. If there is no progress with the dispute, always follow-up try to resolve it through mediation or arbitration. This step dictates that: The leader of the group will take the dispute to the appropriate leader; there the leader will take the proper course of action needed for this dispute to be resolved. If the dispute is manageable, the leader will be able to mediate and will not need to take forceful action. Mediation is also an informal alternative to litigation.Mediators are individuals trained in negotiations, who bring opposing parties together and attempt to work out a settlement or agreement that both parties accept or reject. Mediation is used for a wide gamut of case-types ranging from juvenile felonies to federal government negotiations with Native American Indian tribes. Mediation has also become a significant method for resolving disputes between investors and their stock brokers. Since consumer transactions on social media can occur across state lines, determine how the federal government can best control these transactions.It has often been seen that social networking sites suc h as Facebook, MMS, Twitter, and etc. become a media in spreading propaganda through video clippings and messages of incidents with communal overtones – instigating hatred among various communities leading to flaring up of the communal situation. In the present legal framework, control of such social networking sites is required to be done by central government. We are extremely lucky to live in a country where we have the freedom of speech.I can't even begin to fathom the  thought of the government being able to control our right of free speech. The government definitely does not have the right to control social media; social media is a way to freely express your thoughts, opinions and ideas. One of the primary issues with how the state seeks to control social media, or technologies overall, is that they are coming at it in the wrong direction. It seems that existing policies are simply being updated to be made to apply to social networking, when in fact what is needed is a complete overhaul of the system when it comes to concepts such as copyright and privacy.The fact is that these concepts will never be the same again. It is almost difficult to imagine that these concepts will exist at all in the future, as social technology has turned everything on its head. We're seeing this come into fruition in the music industry right now, which is in a complete mess because old copyright laws that came into existence in the 1700's are largely still expected to apply today. The issue of government control of data and users' privacy is coming into the fore now because of the increasing amount of data that social networks hold on us.And not only is this growing in volume, but also in type. It is no longer just about browsing history, but social platforms contain varying forms of data that give a complete make-up of our person. While this contributes to things such as targeted demographic advertising, which I am an advocate of overseeing irrelevant banner ads, th e government of course needs to step in here. Social networks, as privately owned companies will naturally be motivated by what gives them the best profit margin. While this may occur alongside a desire to unite people.We can only trust our governments to develop policies which don't have this capitalist desire in mind. Yet what we're seeing are policies that could seriously hinder the growth of the social networking industry (Pearson). Examine the three (3) branches of government and discuss which can effectuate the most significant impact on regulating consumer transactions via social media outlets. Support your decision. Our federal government has three parts. They are the Executive, (President and about 5,000,000 workers) Legislative (Senate and House of Representatives) and Judicial (Supreme Court and lower Courts).The President of the United States administers the Executive Branch of our government. He enforces the laws that the Legislative Branch (Congress) makes. The Legisla tive part of our government is called Congress. Congress makes our laws. The Judicial part of our federal government includes the Supreme Court and 9 Justices. They are special judges who interpret laws according to the Constitution. (Brinkmann, R. , & Garren, S. ) I personally see the judicial court as being the most important and having the biggest impact toward social media.If someone is getting sued by another individual about a post or picture that they may have posted on their personal social media site, the judicial court would oversee the case if the individual puts forth the freedom of speech fight. This being a constitutional right, the other individual would have to prove to the Supreme Court that what was written or posted was in fact un-constitutional and not just freedom of speech. Explain the agency relationship that exists on social media sites between the social media provider and businesses that utilize the site for advertising.Online advertising, uses the Internet to deliver promotional marketing messages to consumers. It includes email marketing, search engine marketing, social media marketing, many types of display advertising (including web banner advertising), and mobile advertising. Like other advertising media, online advertising frequently involves both a publisher, who integrates advertisements into its online content, and an advertiser, who provides the advertisements to be displayed on the publisher's content.Other potential participants include advertising agencies who help generate and place the ad copy, an ad server who technologically delivers the ad and tracks statistics, and advertising affiliates who do independent promotional work for the advertiser. Social Media is a platform that is easily accessible to anyone with internet access. Increased communication for organizations fosters brand awareness and often, improved customer service (Zeff, R. , & Aronson, B. ). Social media marketing programs usually center on efforts to create content that attracts attention and encourages readers to share it with their social networks.A corporate message spreads from user to user and presumably resonates because it appears to come from a trusted, third-party source, as opposed to the brand or company itself. I know the advertising works on social media sites, because I have seen something on the side and visited that particular site and actually purchased an item. I may not have even been thinking about purchasing that item, but after seeing it advertised or either on sale I was persuaded to go to the site and take a look.

Reading responce Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reading responce - Assignment Example Tan further proves that her mother’s English is â€Å"imperfect† by citing several circumstances experienced by her mother (78). She also points out that her mother has noticed her own limitations as she was asked to pretend to be Mrs. Tan on a phone call one time, and talked to doctors when her mother needed to get more information about findings (78). This article shows the power of language, English specifically, in society. Similar to what is shown, people who are relatively â€Å"good† in English tend to ignore those comparatively â€Å"poor† in communicating their ideas. In communities today individuals likely equate the inability of â€Å"perfect† verbalization to lack of comprehension, which is unlikely in most cases. The complexity of language contributes to how one may find it difficult to speak flawlessly, but does not necessarily imply one’s being â€Å"limited.† This essay, showing the author’s vivid understanding of her mother’s imperfect English as a daughter rather than a writer, gives readers an eye-opener of how they should pattern their language depending on who they are talking to, without

Analysis of the Business Environment - Oil Prices Coursework

Analysis of the Business Environment - Oil Prices - Coursework Example There are a number of intrinsic features of oil supply and demand that are significant to any study of crude oil price instability. Important features encompass competing price and income elasticity, a bifurcated and complex supply response, variable data quality, single currency prizing and the interaction of multiple refined oil product market with discrete elasticity of supply and demand. Consequently they do have a shock on elasticity of supply and demand and can have an impact on the wide-ranging elasticity of the crude oil market (Williams 1996). It is generally understood that OPEC (organization of petroleum exporting counties), has the biggest oil reserves in the world, and is accountable for most of the supply and pricing of petroleum products. OPEC is a permanent intergovernmental organization which at present consists of 12 oil producing and exporting countries, as members spread across three continents of America, Asia and Africa (Taylor 2006). The 12 member’s stat es of OPEC are: Algeria, UAE, Angola, Qatar, Ecuador, Kuwait, Iraq, Libya, Nigeria, Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Causes of Short Run Price Movement of Oil Global oil prices have more than tripled since the year 2003, and volatility has become the rule rather than the expectation. The market price of oil is volatile in the short run. This is because of the following causes: 1. The price elasticity of supply The price elasticity of supply is a measure used to measure the connection between the change in quantity supplied and change in price (Kellick 1995). If supply is elastic, producers can raise output without rise in cost or time delay. If supply is inelastic, firms find it hard to alter production in a given period of time. The price elasticity of supply is equated to the Percentage change in quantity supplied divided by the percentage change in price When the result of this is: More than one, then supply is elastic, Less than one then supply is price inelastic, Zero, then supply is preferably inelastic and When the result is infinity supply is perfectible elastic following a change in demand. Factors That Affect Price Elasticity of Supply of Oil Several factors affect the price elasticity of supply of oil, these are: a) The spare production capacity- the spare production capacity of oil have reduced over the years, this has been one of the major reason for the rapid increase in the prices of crude oil. When there is spare capacity, businesses can expand output easily to meet rising demand pressure on cost (Wakeford, 2010). However, when this spare capacity lacks then the business cannot be able to increase production and would mean that the high prices will persist due to the scarceness of the commodity (Clo, 2000). b) The period involved in the production process – when supply is more price elastic the longer the time period that a firm is permissible to adjust its production levels. In some markets for example in agricultural mark ets, the quick supply is fixed and is determined generally by planting decision made mouths before, and also the climatic condition, which have an effect on the overall production (Gibbs 2010). c) Factors substitution possibility-when factors substitution is achievable at low cost, then supply will be elastic. When factors are highly specialized as in our case here then

Assess the importance of Chapter One in Great Expectations by Charles Essay

Assess the importance of Chapter One in Great Expectations by Charles Dickens - Essay Example Pip is an orphan who has had a good though sometimes rough upbringing by his sister Estella. The focus in the entire novel is on the family, which starts from the very first chapter as Pip spends his time in the graveyard amongst his family members. He has never seen his parents ‘for their days were long before the days of photographs’ (5; ch 1). This also creates the atmosphere that the novel was created in the early nineteenth century. With child-like innocence, he conjures the image of his parents (whom he had never seen) by carefully studying the lettering on the tomb. The first chapter draws out the tension and creates the proper mood for the novel. ‘Ours was the marsh country (13; ch 1) denotes the depressing atmosphere in which Pip lives as a child. It symbolizes the uncertain and mysterious times in his life. This bleak place overgrown with nettles was the churchyard (15-16; ch 1), the low leaden line beyond, was the river; the distant savage lair was the sea (19-21; ch 1)– add to the dreary scene. It also builds up a sense of dread that something fearful is about to happen. Soon after this Magwitch appears and threatens to cut Pip’s throat. The repetition creates an atmosphere of subdued and miserable tension that besieged Pip’s life when he discovers in chapter 39 that his benefactor is none other than Magwitch, the escaped convict who he had met at the graveyard. This revelation is awful and it destroys the little peace that he had known. The chapter further illustrates that no act of kindness ever goes unnoticed. He is frightened into helping an escaped convict called Magwitch. Pip returns bringing food and drink for Magwitch and this act of kindness has important consequences later in the novel. It was an act out of fear, as Pip was scared of Magwitch’s violent threats and because Magwitch made him promise, "Say

CVP Analysis Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

CVP Analysis - Research Paper Example In order to bring a revolution in the existing business practices of the company, it is important that a new pricing strategy is devised that is based on the strategic objectives of each product individually. Furthermore, the decisions for the allocation of funds for the Research & Development (R&D) of each product should be taken individually and on annual basis to achieve the desired objectives of the product and the company. However, my strategic decision making for each year has resulted into 60% profitability in case of product X5 and 50% profitability in case of product X6. Furthermore, the increased spending on maintenance, support, enhancement and discovery for product X5 and X6 showed improved product which resulted in higher customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the discontinuation of product X7 through the four years helped in the success of the first two products. Nonetheless, a new strategy needs to be determined using contemporary strategy determining tools like Cost-Volu me-Profit (CVP) analysis. 1.1 Aim The aim of this report is to discuss the new pricing and R&D allocation strategy for the core products X5, X6 and X7 using CVP analysis and calculator. 1.2 Objectives To analyse the subsequent performance and life cycles of each product due to the difference in the decisions. To determine the new pricing decisions and R&D budget allocation strategy for each core product, namely: X5, X6 and X7 taken in 4 years (i.e. from 2012-2015). To provide rationale of the proposed strategy with theoretical support. 2 Analysis of Pricing and R&D Allocation Strategy Used in Phase 2 2.1 Penetration Pricing Strategy In order to enter into the established marketplace, Tablet Development Corp. has to undertake the penetration pricing strategy. A penetration pricing strategy is used when the company has to enter into an established marketplace and to attract the market in a substantial manner through low-pricing techniques. In the year 2012, the price of product X5 was set at the lowest possible price of $180 and it was increased by $5 every year. Similarly, the price of X6 was set at $300 only and was increased by $10 each year. The product X7 was discontinued in four years. 2.2 R&D Budget Allocation Strategy Strategic distribution of the R&D budget over the years is key to the success. Therefore, only first two R&D activities require substantial investments whereas the last two requires little investment to keep it going. The R&D budget allocation was increased for product X5 and X6 in the subsequent years whereas, product X7 was allocated less percentage of the R&D budget. The less amount shows the R&D allocations for the maintenance of product X7. 3 Determining New Strategy for Core Products of Tablet Development Corporation Apple Inc. and Microsoft have been involved in developing new products on a regular basis. In this wake they incurred fixed costs related to R&D expenditures and other costs of new product development. In order to remain competitive in the global marketplace, they adopted a new method to determine the prices and R&D allocations for multiple products on a unit cost basis (Morse, 2003). They assumed that the costs of all the products will remain fixed and thus, determine a profit or a loss situation for the new product. The

The Right of Due Process Guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Research Paper

The Right of Due Process Guaranteed by the Fifth and Fourteenth Amendment to the US Constitution - Research Paper Example One of the principles that is represented in the Constitution is the right to due process which is given in the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendments. The Fourteenth Amendment expands on the Fifth applying it to a broader audience. Due process is related to how laws are applied and how they are enforced. For example, if an individual has committed a criminal act for which they need to be penalized, they cannot just be thrown in jail, there has to be the process that is under law. In this case the process involves using a warrant, a trial, and sentencing among other steps. Operating without this process is not only illegal in the example, but it is also unconstitutional. While due process is guaranteed by the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution, the exact meaning of due process is not clearly established. The ambiguity has meant decisions within the Supreme Court as to the meaning of the phrase and whether it applied to the cases that were being heard at the time. These decisions have helped to shape the current interpretation of the law such as the right of defendants to have representation and for accused to be made aware of their rights before questioning. However, some recent Supreme Court decisions appear to go against the right of due process set forth in the constitution. Background The United States was founded by Europe, and as a consequence was governed by them. Because of the great distance and the disinterest of the British government in its colonists the rule that England exercised over the colonies was mild, at least initially. The desire for change came at the end of the war between the French settlers and the British colonists when the British government demanded taxes from the colonists as payment for the men that it had supplied. The desire to tax the colonists, without allowing them representation in the British courts was one of the reasons for the American Revolution. The revolution began in 1776 and the colonists declared the ir independence from their founding country, choosing instead to be ruled by law from within. The Constitution promised rights to all Americans regardless of class and rates and detailed the system of government for America, one that served the people rather than serving itself . The Constitution forbids any individual being deprived of â€Å"†¦life, liberty, or property, without due process of the law...† This right is cited both within the Fifth and the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The Fifth Amendment applied these rights only to federal courts, while this was expanded for the Fourteenth Amendment to include all states. Due process is not specifically defined within the Constitution, but is generally perceived to mean a judicial procedure that is just and fair, most commonly a trial before peers . It is an important concept and it applies in a wide number of legal cases. What is Due Process? While the Amendments guarantee due process the intention and the legal application of the term is not simple to determine. In particular, the word ‘due’ within the phrase raises significant contention. Is a process ‘due’ if it is within current laws, such as the requirements under law for a trial before

Private and public school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Private and public school - Essay Example It is much less costly to learn in a public school which is offered free by the government than a private school. Of course, with private schools dependent on tuition, private grants and donations to finance their operations, they would have to be costly. IES gives an estimate of the average tuition fees for US private day schools at $12,000, $13,000 and $15,000 for grades 1 to 3, 6 to 8 and 9 to 12 respectively. In most cases, these figures exclude the cost of books and other school supplies. It therefore makes economic sense to enroll into a public school. Generally, students in public schools receive the most current curricula, thus gain appropriate skills to survive in the modern world. As noted by Strauss, public school teachers would be more likely to have certification and undergo continuous training in their respective areas of studies. This keeps them up-to-date on research-based instructional standards and also on resources supported by relevant professional entities. On the other hand, private school teachers would be rarely impelled to undertake such trainings. Despite much criticism, it would be appreciated that current instructional practices and teacher certification play a critical role in the performance of students in public schools. However, critics of public schools argue that private schools perform better academically than public schools. As noted by Strauss, a majority of private schools are operated in a closed door fashion. This has been noted to boost their performance. Additionally, proprietors of such schools do all within their means to make sure their students pass so as to be competitive in their business. Teachers spend more time with the students than would be the case in public schools. They even develop customized assessment systems for their students to better understand their learning styles and help them succeed academically. Nonetheless, credible studies that statistically adjust these

Communication in the work place Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Communication in the work place - Research Paper Example In this paper, we will discuss interpersonal communication in the workplace settings. We will also develop strategies for active listening, critical listening, and empathic listening. Along with that, we will also discuss the impact of gender and culture on interpersonal communication and will explain the principles and misconceptions related to effective workplace communication. Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal workplace communication is a form of communication, which takes place between two or more individuals in any workplace setting. Interpersonal communication is basically the exchange of information, expressions, and symbols between people. Interpersonal communication depends on the type of relationships and the level of understanding that exists between the individuals. For example, interpersonal communication taking place between a person and his or her family members will be different from the interpersonal communication that takes place between an employee of a com pany and the manager or boss of that company. Level of understanding between the individuals is the key towards effective interpersonal communication. Less understanding results into ineffective communication whereas good understanding and patience result into effective and result-oriented communication. Therefore, we can say that interpersonal communication has a deep association with the level of understanding and the nature of relationships that exists between people. Interpersonal Communication in the Workplace Environment Interpersonal workplace communication is different from normal interpersonal communication. In workplace settings,

Forensic science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forensic science - Essay Example 165) This is essential because it ensures the integrity of forensic science before proceeding to the court. Even though, the clinical laboratories have been working based on the national regulatory scheme since 1968, forensic science does not a similar scheme (Neufeld 2005 p. 107). Consequently, this has reduced the level of protection for the evidence and measures to investigate, and address the discovered abuses (Moore 2007, p. 127). Quality assurance is an important concept that should be considered during crime investigation because most criminal trials depend on expert testimony. Consequently, mistakes in the expert testimony pose several challenges. The use forensic science when investigating different criminal incidences is not reliable because it offers invalid results. Additionally, the process is biased because it lacks enough internal control for the evidence (Birkhead & Hosken 2009, p. 575) Semen quality assurance refers to the test conducted in the crime laboratories usi ng the victims’ semen to determine whether the victims were involved in crime or not. Currently, there are different methods used in the measurement of semen quality assurance. The most applicable methods include serology and DNA typing (Higgins 2009, p. 45). These methods can be applied in a criminal case to determine whether the suspect is responsible. ... Furthermore, the girl’s bed sheets with scattered hair were also collected. After the victim described the perpetrator, the police came up with a sketch that resembled the suspect. The victim identified the suspect as the rapist once they got to his hideout (Neufeld 2005, p. 107). Serology can determine the victim’s semen through the quality assurance approach. This can support the prosecutor when securing a conviction. The lab serologist will take the girl’s body fluid found in the semen and test whether they match with the accused blood type. Scientific standards discourage serologists from drawing inferences about the semen’s source when they are not sure though this method is commonly used when investigating crimes (Ishmael 2005, p. 13). Based on the case, crime laboratories can use DNA typing method to match whether the semen recovered from the girl’s underpants match the DNA profile of the suspect. This criminal investigation process is not re liable because DNA experts states that only 20% of the total violent crimes benefit from the evidence resulting from DNA testing. This is because most of the forensic discipline applying the DNA method lacks the needed scientific dimensions that support the performance standards (Jeyendran 2003, p. 127). It is essential to consider the application of good forensic science in DNA typing method. This is because forensic scientists discovered lab misconduct in arresting, indicting and convicting an innocent person. Criminal cases that include forensic science investigations should take meaningful precautions to guard against meaningless science and unreliable results (Bjorndahl, Mortimer & David 2009, p. 17). The forensic scientist should ensure that before they walk into the

How to Address Conflicts or Dilemmas Essay Example for Free

How to Address Conflicts or Dilemmas Essay 1.1Describe potential conflicts or dilemmas that may arise between the duty of care and an individual`s rights. In our care work we mostly work with children and young people who may not have the ability to judge what is good for them and what is not. In those cases it is our responsibility and job as individuals and as a team to provide them what we judge is best for them. In some other cases they have the skills to get involved in the decisions and this can lead to conflicts and dilemmas. Potential conflicts between the service user and the care worker in our job role can arise from disagreeing in certain questions e.g. what is healthy to eat, what is not, what is more important when having a meal: quality or quantity, what activities or forms of entertainment (films, songs, etc.) are age-appropriate and/or mentally and emotionally adequate and so on. 1.2Describe how to manage risks associated with conflicts or dilemmas between an individual`s rights and the duty of care. If a conflict arises, I can never force a learner to do or not to do things unless the law or the School Policy allows me to (for example if they want to watch an age-inappropriate film, but in these cases I always have to refer to my line manager). What I can do if a conflict in these questions arises between me and the learner is to provide all the information about the risk carried by their decisions in a supportive, encouraging way, and then let them make their own choices. Every time when a conflict arises I should record what actions were taken to provide every source for the learner to make their own decision and what choice they made. I always should seek for advice at my line manager.

Features and Types of Organisational Structures

Features and Types of Organisational Structures Organisational Structure The organisational structure in any business is important. To survive, all organisations have to be able to accomplish tasks and this requires carrying out certain duties. Structure splits the tasks of the whole organisation into smaller and more practical chunks, and allocates them to sections of the organisation that are held responsible for its completion. It also ensures that all the different sections are coordinated and controlled in a way which it has to achieve something. For example, to distinguish the structure of Jaguar an organisation chart could be used; however this is a very crude representation of the organisation and does not show how the organisation communicates or the flow of work, which may be crucially necessary for it to succeed. I believe that Jaguar’s structure is a Product grouping; mainly because a Product grouping is most often established where an organisation has a number of specific product lines (in this case the different models/makes of vehicles). Usually in this sort of structure each individual section is operated separately giving it a number of advantages. For instance, everything in a certain product line is brought together in the one central area making it easier for communication and coordination. Due to Jaguar’s product development nature, such an advantage is especially relevant as it allows for a specific team to be able to convey information between each other much faster. It is, therefore, easier to understand the information as it is easier to understand the information as it is directly being talked about directly, rather than in a document where visualisation may be required. However a Product grouping also has disadvantages, for example, team members can become to foc used on their own product and lose sight of advances made in other product groups. Again this could pose a problem in an organisation like Jaguar as it could potentially cause disillusionment between product groups by group members choosing to use their own way to achieve objects instead of listening to information from group members out with their product group which could aid them. Centralisation is another key feature in the structure of an organisation. This underlines the locality of decision making in an organisation and through this develops an understanding of the authority and responsibility in the organisation. Everybody in an organisation has responsibility, but when it is used in terms of the structure it refers to those who have a larger effect on the overall managerial aspect. In Jaguar, for instance, it is assumed that the CEO (Commanding Executive Officer) is responsible for the performance of the company; at the next level down would be the marketing director, who would be held responsible for achieving marketing objectives and so on. In centralised structures decision making tends to be retained in the hands of a small number of people at the top of an organisation, while those that are decentralised, decision making authority is delegated. From my point of view I think that Jaguar is a decentralised, as decisions are made at a point closer to operational levels. By being able to make these important decisions closer to the operational aspect of the product groups it makes a decision on the problem at hand quicker to solve, and also develops leadership skills of those lower down in the organisation. It also frees up the top management to devote its attention to long term strategies, which a company like Jaguar has to take into account due to the constant changing market direction and the type of customer who is attracted to its products. Formalisation reflects the extent to which the formal rules and procedures govern activities in an organisation and, in particular whether the nature of the work is prescribed in rules that specify what shall be done and often how it will be done, rules and procedures can be implicit as well as explicit, and can be used to either prescribe what should be done or proscribe what is forbidden. To some extent increased formalisation is a function of organisational size. Once an organisation grows beyond a certain point it becomes almost impossible to rely on interactions used to control and coordinate a smaller company. For a larger company, such as Jaguar, there tends to be more specialists higher up in the hierarchy allowing it to focus more on the long term strategic issues. Thus procedures and rules become the main way of controlling activities and introducing a degree of predictability into the organisation (Mintzberg 1979). This is a large disadvantage for the smaller product group s within Jaguar as it means there is a larger degree of predictability into their activities as well as a large distance between the groups and the management level. Organisational culture is used to try and describe the experiences of people within the organisation. It usually describes their beliefs, habits, manners, self-image and they way tasks are undertaken. To current employees the culture within their organisation will go unnoticed. The culture within the organisation is important as it key to the company functioning at its best as well as developing leadership throughout the company. A key role for the culture of an organisation is to differentiate its own specialised culture from another organisation. From my point of view, I think that Jaguar has a Task culture. This is because the management could be seen as having a series of problems to be solved. For example, Jaguar may have to make new car models to keep up with new advances in car safety and new legal regulations, which would require a team to be formed and to deal with the problem. However this has a slight disadvantage in that the teams can become easily bored with predictability and repetitive tasks. To be successful a business must continually modify to its competitive background. There are certain central ideals which stay steady and provide a sense of direction in the decision making process. These unchanging ideals form the company vision and help in identifying the company’s mission. The mission conveys the belief s and objectives (vision for future), which is made up of three main elements: Values Purpose Objectives (Vision) The values and purpose together create the beliefs of the company and usually remain the same in the long term. The values central to a company are limited to a small number (usually no more than five). They reflect the principles of the organisation as a whole. One way to identify a value would be to see if it would stay the same if the organisations situation changed. It would be counted as a value if it did stay the same. Also, if the organisation changed into a different industry, the values that were carried over would be the central values. For instance, a central value that I believe Jaguar employs is innovation. Now, as unlikely as it may seem, if Jaguar was to change its market area and this key value was no longer an advantageous aspect of the company then it would be detrimental to the company. But if Jaguar were to change its market then I should change to one where its value of innovation would aid in Jaguar’s success. The purpose is the reason that the company exists. It is shown through the company’s mission. Similar to the company values, the purpose of the company is relatively unchanging and lasts for long periods of time. This purpose is what sets the organisation apart from similar organisations. Since the main priority of a company is to turn over a profit, however this should not be part of the company’s main mission as it does not offer a suitable path for employees to follow. For example, one of Jaguar’s purposes would be to provide excellent customer service when dealing with potential clients. This would be especially important to the management of the company as it would show how the whole company treats individuals and would also influence employees on how to treat others – not just with clients. Both the purpose and values are not directly selected but are exposed. The beliefs of the company should not be goal orientated but instead, it should reveal the company as it is The objectives (or vision) are what the higher management (such as the CEO of the company) decide to try and achieve. The vision dictates an objective that the company will set as a long term goal. This contradicts the central beliefs of the company as the vision is directly chosen. Due to the vision being long term goals, they are much more demanding than other goals. The organisation has to realise that there is a reduced chance of successfully achieving the vision, but to initially begin to compete these goals the company must believe the vision can be achieved. The goals should be challenging enough that it motivates staff into increasing efforts to reach them. The majority of visionary goals come under four main categories: Target – e.g. sales targets Common Enemy – e.g. overtaking rival companies in the market Role Model – e.g. to emulate companies of a similar type Internal Transformation – e.g. becoming number one company in the market Even though a company’s vision may take a large amount of effort to achieve, most companies that have employed a long term vision have become very successful. But once the goal has been achieved, a company which would like to continue its success usually employs a new vision to keep the organisation motivated. For instance, a long term vision that could be employed, especially for a car company such as Jaguar, would be to reduce the carbon footprint of the company. This would be seen as a long term goal as it would take a long amount of time to successfully convert from fossil fuels to renewable energy as well as to research new way in which to power cars cost effectively.

Factors on Stock Market Development in SAARC Region

Factors on Stock Market Development in SAARC Region The Impact of Institutional and Macroeconomic Factors on Stock Market Development in SAARC region Fayaz Ahmed Soomro Problem Statement There are many researches concerned about the relationship between the Macroeconomic variables and the stock market performances[1]. Researchers have analyzed many different factors of Macroeconomic variables like GDP, Savings, Credit facilities, Shares traded, interest rates, remittances from abroad, trade deficit, consumer banking, production of industrial goods, liquidity and more macroeconomic factors having significant impact and are the major contributors in stock market development[2]. Researches also claim that there is one way relationship between stock market development and macroeconomic variables[3]. Researchers have also concentrated on the impact of quality of institutions on the development of equity market in developing countries specially[4]. However there is has been not much interested directed towards institutional quality having impact on stock market development in SAARC region. This research is focused on testing the theory and adding empirical evidence from in terms of impact of quality of institutions on the development of equity market. This research might help the respective countries of SAARC in understanding better the factors contributing in the development of stock market in the SAARC territory and May helps the policy makers to devise better and effective policies for the whole region. Objective To determine the impact of the quality of institutions with macroeconomic factors are having on the development of stock markets in SAARC region. Research Question What is the impact of quality of institutions with macroeconomic factors on the performance of the stock markets? Literature Review Development of the Stock markets and the growth of the economy There has been found that stock market development and economic prosperity are highly correlated Levine and Zervos (1996). The study adopted positivist approach and correlational in nature and based on 41 countries in the period 1976- 1993, the quantitative method was adopted. It was deduced based on the hypothesis taking sample population of 41 countries in the period 1976- 1993 that there exist a high correlation among stock market and growth of economy. Unidirectional effect of Macroeconomic Variables Macroeconomic factors affects the stock prices in the unidirectional way that is stock prices does not affects the Macroeconomic variables to change Hussain and Mehmood (2001). The approach adopted is quantitative in nature and falls in the domain of positivist research paradigm. The deduction was based on sample population of Pakistan by considering the period of 1959-60 to 1998-99. Stock Market and Economic Prosperity Evidence from India Economic prosperity is highly related with the stock market performance in the economy Deb and Mukherjee (2008). He analysed by the quantitative research methods and hence within positivism research paradigm that in India economic prosperity leads to the better stock market performances. He deduced that there is a relationship between economic prosperity and the stock market development in India by taking sample population of India from the period of ten years. It was also found that there exists a bidirectional causal relation among the said variables. Development in the Stock Market of Pakistan Liquidity and the prices of the stocks do not have any relation in any direction Ali et al. (2010). This research falls into the Post Positivism research paradigm because it is refuting the generalization made in the literature that money supply and stocks prices have no relation at all in any direction. This was tested by using Granger-causality test, Augmented Dickey Fuller, Unit Root Test and the test of co-integration (Johansen) have been applied. He also found that there is no causality effect among the liquidity and stock prices, industrial production , exchange proportion, rising prices, balance of trade and prices of the shares in Pakistan. Foreign Direct Investment is highly related to stock market development Raza et al. (2012) this research adopted quantitative and hence followed the positivism research paradigm that is, it tested the theory in consistent with the literature. The factors like savings, rising prices and money exchange rates were also considered and were found significant. Savings were in line with stock market however inflation and money exchange rate were found to have a negative impact. The research found that 70 percent of the increase in development of stock market is caused by the one percent change in FDI inflow. This is a huge impact so the government of Pakistan should be looking forward to protect the foreign investors and facilitate them as much as possible. There should be framework under which the foreign investors can take the easily their part and keep on investing in order to promote the stock market activities in the region. Stock Market development in Bangladesh The stock market of the Bangladesh is not mature yet and it’s not up to the standards of international markets, however this research identified many factors affecting the stock market development in Bangladesh Rrahman and Rahaman (2011). The research adopted quantitative and followed Positivist approach. Data was collected from the period 2001 to 2008 and was collected from various reliable sources of Bangladesh. Many different statistical techniques were used like descriptive analyses, correlation analyses were applied. All the variables were found to have significant impact. It was also suggested that Bangladesh stock market is highly volatile and there has much to improve in order to make it up to international standards. Stock Markets and the Institutional Quality Insitutional quality plays important role in the development of various sectors of the economy. Its implication has been tested and proved significant in the non banking financial sector in the Middle East and African regions Creane et al. (2004). The proxies that were used are Banking Industry, Money Supply, yearly monetary and fiscal policies, industrial regulations, financial corruption and the quality of institutions. Recommendation made in this report is about to increase the quality of institutions. Yartey (2008) Institutional factors including the political stablity, quality in bureaucracy, stability of democracy, corruptions, general regulations and laws with other macro economic factors were found to have a significant effect on the stock market activities because it usually increases financial facility to the general public and they tend to invest in the equity market. The data was collected from the period 1990 until 2004 that is total 14 years of 42 emerging economies. The data was analyzed through regression analysis. However risk in the political stability was suggested a major contributing in the stock exchange market enhancement. In other Burhop et al. (2011) tried to find the regulatory body as the important components of the stock exchange market. In his studies he considered London equity market and the stock market of berlin and quantified as in the form of IPO- initial Public Offerings. However he could not conclude whether regulatory body plays an important role in the stock market activities but he found that long term profits and survival in the competition as the important factor in the successful market. Research Methodology Epistemology This research tries to identify the Institutional factors and other macroeconomic factors that lead to the development of stock market, this knowledge already exist and justified in the region of Middle East in the International Monetary Fund’s working paper of Billmeier and Massa (2007). Nature of Knowledge This research tries to test already existing knowledge in the literature Billmeier and Massa (2007) which was specifically applied in the regions of Middle East and Central Asia. The theory has been tested quantitatively that exist in literature and adopted Positivism approach. This research adds the empirical proof from the SAARC region. Methodology- Positivism This research is also quantitative in nature and follows the positivism approach because it’s in consistent with the existing literature and follows the systematic scientific approach to find its applicability in the SAARC region. The gap in the empirical evidence was identified and in order to fill the gap same propositions were developed but in different context of its application Validity The method, approach, statistical technique and the measurement of the variables are in consistent with the International Monetary Fund’s working paper. That means theory already exist but it has been applied in the different context that is in SAARC region. Institutional quality has been measured as a index of Economic freedom by Heritage Index of Economic Freedom and other macroeconomic variables has been measured and reported by the World Bank and the data has been collected from their published reports. The detailed measurement is as follows Market Capitalization: This is has been measured as total value of the shares outstanding in the stock markets which is the total sum of shares prices multiplied by the no of outstanding securities. For this research it has been taken as the percentage of GDP. IQ: Institutional Quality: Institutions are the formal governing bodies in any country which look after the overall governing structure of the economy. These institutions guide the economy about political activities, social activities and the economic activities. Quality of institutions is enhanced with efficient and effective working of institutions. Quality is measured by Heritage Foundation as score from 0 to 100, the lowest value being the poorest form of quality and higher the score the higher the quality. INC: Income: It is represented as the total value of production within the country and has been measured at constant base of year 2000 US $ in Billions. INV: Investment: It is represented by the addition in the aggregate value of fixed assets with any inventories. This has been taken in this research as capital formation percentage of the GDP SVT: Stock value traded: It is represented by the shares total value in the specific period. This has been also taken as percentage traded over GDP DC: Domestic credit: It is represented by the total value of lending to the customers in the private sectors. This has also been taken as percentage of GDP. Reliability This theory has been applied in the region of SAARC region from the period 1996 to 2012. It is suggested the this theory will produce more or less the same results if carried out in the different period of time in the SAARC region Generalizability This same theory was applied and proved in the region of Middle East. This research also proved and produced the same results in the SAARC region hence It can be concluded that this theory is applicable to the regions with similar conditions of economy like in Middle East and Central Asia. Synthetic a posteriori proposition The proposition in this research says that Institutional Quality and macroeconomic factors have significant and positive impact on the stock market development in the SAARC region. This proposition is a synthetic a posteriori and subject to empirical verification from the above region. Deduction Reasoning General statements 1: Quality of institutions affects significantly on the development of stock market. 2: GDP affects significantly on the development of stock market. 3: Domestic credit affects significantly on the development of stock market. 4: Stock traded value affects significantly on the development of stock market. 5: Gross capital formation affects significantly on the development of stock market. Hypotheses Ho1: Quality of the institutions affects insignificantly on the development of stock market. Ha1: Quality of the institutions affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ho2: GDP affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ha2: GDP affects insignificantly on the development of stock market. Ho3: Domestic credit affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ha3: Domestic credit affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ho4: Stock traded value affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ha4: Stock traded value affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ho4: Gross capital formation affects significantly on the development of stock market. Ha4: Gross capital formation affects significantly on the development of stock market. Conclusion 1: Institutional quality does impact significantly on the development of stock market 2: GDP does impact significantly on the development of stock market 3: Domestic credit does impact significantly on the development of stock market 4: Stock traded value does impact significantly on the development of stock market 5: Gross capital formation does impact significantly on the development of stock market Falsification As this research is in consistent with the existing theory and has been only tested without amendments hence it is not refuting any theory of knowledge but adds empirical evidence in the literature from untested region that is South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. Data Collection and Source In this research secondary data has been used. Data of institutional quality collected from the Index of Economic Freedom of Heritage Foundation. Data of macroeconomic variables collected from the World Bank. Target Population The research focuses on the regions of SAARC economies in particular countries Pakistan, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Srilanka. Sample Size The dataset of 5 economies has been considered. The year 1995 to 2010 that is for 15 years of 5 countries of the SAARC region making it a total observations of 75 has been taken as the sample size. Statistical Technique The sample data of dependent variable and independent variables will be analyzed by ordinary least square method of multiple regression analyses technique. Research Model MCP = ÃŽ ± + ÃŽ ²1 IQ + ÃŽ ²2 INC + ÃŽ ²3 INV + ÃŽ ²4 SVT + ÃŽ ²5 DC + e Where MCP:Market Capitalization IQ: Institutional Quality INC: Income INV: Investment SVT: Stock value traded DC: Domestic credit 1 [1] Deb and Mukherjee (2008) Mustafa and Cagatay (2012) [2] Ali et al (2010), Raza et al (2012) [3] Hussain and Mehmood (2001) [4] Billmeier and Massa (2007), Lombardo and Pagano (2000), Yartey (2008), Burhop et al (2011)

English :: essays papers

English It's easy to tell the difference from right and wrong. It's just like telling the difference between dark and light. But what if you grew up in the dark not knowing there was a light, then you'd only think in one direction. "A long habit of not thinking a thing wrong, gives it a superficial appearance of being right." Society usually thinks in one way, only the intelligent and gifted few can think outside of the box, outside of how society views the world. They follow their hearts to decide what is right and wrong. They come from the dark but are able to see the light. One of the intelligent and gifted few is Jonathan Edwards who wrote Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God. In this writing he talks about how men are sinners and how they need to start living their lives according to the bible. Sin was always a big issue for the puritans because they believed that men were born sinners. In his Sinners In The Hands Of An Angry God, he mentions "their foot shall slide in due time" meaning that men stand on slippery ground. He describes of the sinner as a loathsome spider suspended by a slender thread over a pit of seething brimstone. And that "there is no fortress that is any defense against the power of god." Meaning that you cannot escape God no matter what you do and that helped awaken the people of the evil things they do. The Colonial Era had views such as that. They lived their lives as well as they can, but they were doing something wrong. They were being hypocrites. They didn't exactly follow through what a good Christian should do. They showed discrimination against other backgrounds, they used suspicion as means of law (an example would be witch craft trials). This train of thought later changed as the Age of Reason came. In the Age of Reason, one of the primary goals was to abolish the ignorance in men. In Benjamin Franklin's the Temple of Learning, he mentions in a dream where people visited the Temple of Learning "that the whole tribe who entered into the temple with me, began to climb the throne; but the work proving troublesome and difficult most of them, they withdrew their hands from the plow, and concentrated themselves to sit at the foot, with madam idleness and her maid ignorance.

Man’s Struggles of Fate by the Curse of Birth in Eugene ONeills A Lon

Man’s Struggles of Fate by the Curse of Birth in Eugene O'Neill's A Long Day's Journey into Night Eugene O’Neill’s A Long Day’s Journey into Night deals with tragedy and its attendant focus on character rather than plot. Another emphasis on the play is on the past that ceases to haunt his characters. O’Neill’s characters of A Long Day’s Journey into Night struggle with the past. These characters all seem to agree with Mary Tyrone who claims that a person â€Å"can’t help being what the past made him† (Baym 1313). The fact that a character can struggle with his or her past suggests that the past is something open to question, changeable, and perhaps even unknowable. Patricia Schroeder says â€Å"The past as it invades the present or as individual characters interpret it had little currency on the formally realistic stage† (Schroeder 30). O’Neill’s characters of A Long Day’s Journey into Night reveal the ongoing past gradually and continuously throughout the play. As one reads the play, he or she can see O’Neill deal with his own past through these characters. For Eugene O’Neill, there is only one real subject for drama: The subject here is the same ancient one that always and always will be the one subject for drama, and that is man’s struggle with his own fate. The struggle used to be with the gods, but it is now with himself, his own past. Implicit in this statement are a number of O’Neill’s fundamental principles in this play and his own life. O’Neill embeds principles of Greek tragedy within a naturalistic play and so fully realizes his lifelong goal of dramatizing â€Å"man and this struggle with †¦ himself, his own past† (Schroeder 30). In this play it is, indeed, the â€Å"struggle† to understand the formative past that s... ...less present of the Tyrones†. â€Å"O’Neill not only challenged the distinction between the past and present, he also broke down the barrier between stage and spectator that had been erected along with the proscenium arch†. The man’s struggle with self, fate and the past is a common theme among many modernist writers. Through O’Neill’s experimentation of eliciting an emotional response through his realistic settings and characters, we learn more about the â€Å"common man.† We all struggle with our pasts and our place in this world. At least through works like A Long Day’s Journey into Night we know that we are not alone in having a â€Å"dysfunctional† family with problems and conflicts. We all have problems, struggles and fears. These elements are just a part of life. Life is taking our past and learning from it so that we can live our present and prepare for a future.

Florence Nightingale Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio Papers

Florence Nightingale Florence Nightingale, a well-educated nurse, was recruited along with 38 other nurses for service in a hospital called Scutari during the Crimean War in 1854 . It was Nightingale's approaches to nursing that produced amazing results. Florence Nightingale was responsible for crucial changes in hospital protocol, a new view on the capabilities and potential of women, and the creation of a model of standards that all future nurses could aspire towards. Florence Nightingale was born on May 12th 1820. Her father, who was a wealthy and intelligent man, believed that women deserved an education. Thus, Florence Nightingale and her sister were educated in Italian, Latin, Greek, History, and Mathematics. This is quite possibly why Ms. Nitghengale was able to achieve what she did in her life. Nightingale excelled at mathematics particularly, and later took on an interest in medicine. At 38 years of age, Nightingale was working as an unpaid superintendent of a London "establishment for gentlewomen during illness", and came to the attention of Sidney Herbert, the Secretary of War. Herbert recruited Nightingale work at Scutari in 1854. Nightingale was responsible for changing the structure of British medicine and medicinal practice. Before Nightingale applied her methods of sterilization and organization to Scutari, the hospital was appalling, as were most hospitals in that period of time. What Nightingale found when she arrived at her post was a filthy hospital that was lacking supplies of almost every kind, had dying soldiers forced to sleep on the dirty floor due to lack of beds, and no latrines at all. Under Nightingale's leadership, her team of nurses reduced the mortality rate at the hospital from 60% to a ... ... By M. E. Baly. Encyclopedia Of Medicine. 1989 Edition s.v. "History of Nursing." By Charles B. Clyman, MD. Lipsey, Sally. Mathematical Education in the Life of Florence Nightingale. 18 February 1998. (12 December 2000). McDonald, Lynn. Florence Nightingale and the Foundations of Public Health Care, as seen through her Collected Works. 17 February 2000. (12 December 2000). Medical Creeds. (12 December 2000). Nilaya, Bruce. The Lady With The Lamp. (12 December 2000). Nilaya, Bruce. The Crimean War. (12 December 2000). Orem, Dorothea E. Nursing: Concepts of Practice. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1985. Seacole, Mary. Wonderful Adventures of Mrs. Seacole in Many Lands. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Terrot, Sarah Anne. Nurse Sarah Anne: with Florence Nightingale at Scutari. London: J. Murray, 1977.

Telling the Partial Truth: Ethical or Unethical?

Telling the Partial righteousness honourable or Un respectable? Guan Huang 250547949 D. Proessel doctrine 2074G March 27th, 2013 The article Advertising The squ ar or Only slightly of the honor by Tibor R. Machan states that more thanover telling the overtone verity is ethical in humankindize. I on the whole agree with the authors standpoint and am trying to abide his viewpoints by documentation in quartette perspectives. Firstly, I am exhalation to upgrade Machans dumbfound that gross sales associates be sh being a compounding of merchandise, environs and answer.Although there impart be respective(a) worths for the same(p) intersection at diametrical retentivenesss essay writer australia, sales associates argon non obligated to provide every(prenominal) of the locations that sell the crossing, and the price of said product at each location. Second, I am going to defend Machans touch towards consumer bew atomic number 18. Thirdly, I entrust argue a gainst emf unfavorable judgment by strongly obtaining Machans coif mer guttertile advertisement should be for shedn for place ones top hat foot forwards.Fin all(a)y, I will highlight the definition of prerequisite truth versus the solid truth to support Machans point that failing to tell the all told truth is ethical with close to boundaries. In Leisers parametric quantity, suppression veri is unethical because the salesperson whitethorn use the technique of price deception, which is concealing the fact that their product faecal matter be purchased at a out-of-the-way(prenominal) inflict price elsewhere. As Machan says, it is rightful(a) for customers to adjudicate satisfaction from the market, we internal accompaniment in mind that customers often seek various confederacys of satisfaction, non simply product or price satisfaction (Machan 586).Machan claims that when a customer is misdirecting a product, he or she is not scarcely tone for the product itse lf and the price. He or she likewise adds m any some other factors such as certain location of the store, customer inspection and repair during the purchase, and store environment into consideration. These various combinations of satisfactions piece of assnot be ignored. Buying a cup of Starbucks deep brown in the Starbucks coffee shop comp atomic number 18d to buying a bottle of Starbucks coffee in the grocery store can be a faithful example.The Starbucks shops dont just sell coffee they sell an atmosphere (Daniel R. ). raft go to Starbucks ordinarily not for just a cup of coffee, but the combination of product including relaxing atmosphere in Starbucks store, the friendly service they provide, other Starbucks products that could be similarly bought etc. But acquire at a supermarket also can be seen as a combination that includes self-service, a package of Starbucks in bulk, and convenience. The combinations ar simply valued divergently, and thus are priced differently .As a result, this proves Machans position that sales person is marketing the combination of the product and that price deception proposed by Leiser is inconsistent. by and by proving a stainlessal make water of self-interest as the close to appropriate method acting to morally guide business conduct, Machan holds the position that to promote ones judicious self-interest, a merchant could be acting with perfect moral propriety in not offering help to a customer with the task of nurture multitude (Machan 588). Thus, it is morally correct to answer besides part of a question, or eve deflect a question from a customer to avoid lying to them.As prospicient as the merchant does not lie, it is perfectly ethical to communicate to the customers with a resole goal of selling the product (not feel for for the customers own(prenominal) interest). Buyers should work the indebtedness to compile study. For example, McDonalds posts all of the nutritional education of their foo ds on the telephoners website. It is the customers personal responsibility to go on the website to happen the information, and not the servers responsibility to inform the customers of the caloric or sodium content bandage placing the order.Machans position here is that information is available (through various forms communication) and the customer mustiness not rely on the merchant to receive this, but use up a proactive constituent while deciding on their purchases. Machan holds the position that commercial message announce should be for addicted for seatting ones trounce foot forward. To prove this, he demonstrated that even apart from customaryise, multitude often enough advance a biased perspective on themselves, their skills, looks, and so on (Machan 585) graduation exercise by development the example of CV and dating to repoint how community give others an overstated first mpression. Then by claiming commercial relationships usually take place mingled with strangers (Mahan 589), he finally tingees his position. In his example, masses will highlight his/her advantages and try to diminish his/her disfavor as much as workable when going to a realise or direct a cartoon to a authorization social club he/she whitethorn work for. At this point, the potential reproach may claim that its a false similarity by comparability commercial advertising as going on take in or sending a CV. People show their best image on a date or people listing all their asset in a resume is their private business.It is their own interest to do so. But in terms of commercial advertising, advertiser is in his or her public life. in that location is no dispute between an advertiser and a doctor or journalist in some ways. advertisers should take some responsibility to interpret as a public role, thus to give some probable utilitys for people on the other side. With this false analogy (Exhibit 1) the potential animadversion may claim that Machans posi tion that commercial advertising should be forgiven for putting ones best foot forward is less convincing. I will argue against this potential criticism in support of Machans position.To let with, the potential criticism commits a classic problem of causal oversimplification. The line of conclude here is that because advertiser should take some responsibility to play as a public role, so he or she has the obligation to give some benefit for people on the other side. This channel is solely based the altruism teach of thought. However, the potential criticism has not indicated any other schools of thought in which the argument could be plausible, but only with root word of altruism can this line of cerebrate (where helping each other is key) be applied (Exhibit 2).However, as Machan argued in his paper, only the most robust form of altruism, a form where none is left to be the beneficiary of human action, can be a candidate for the morality to golf club merchant (Machan 588). I n reality, the robust form of altruism is too extreme to be achievable in society which proves that the possible opposing view is incorrect. The potential criticism also argues that the example of a date and CV is a false analogy to commercial advertising since private put unders are different from public issue. Lets consider what would happen if a quite a lazy person pplied for a company with a intumesce-written resume or if a very sloppy man was given a makeover and then goes on a date. With these enhancements, the rather lazy person has a possibility of being hired by the company, and the rather sloppy man could desexualize a second date. Thus, the company and the lady friend may be harmed from peoples putting best foot forward in private issue situation. The company could have a bad employee (laziness) and the young woman may realize that what seemed like a well-groomed man is actually not and that she has cadaverous her time.As customers can also suffer from sellers putt ing their best foot forward, we find that in terms of result, there is no difference between private issues and public issues. So we do not need to cogitate on whether or not the issue is personal or public. The answer seems to be straightforward the example of date and CV can be seen as a good analogy to commercial advertising and those examples can be used to reach Machans position commercial advertising should be forgiven for putting ones best foot forward.Machan also holds the position that from a robust or innocent ethical egoist standpoint, the indispensable truths some an token or service being traded should be told (Machan 591). Essential truths can be get ahead thought of as information regarding the usance of product when utilized under habitual circumstances. So when a customer buys an agate line conditioner, it is expected that it will keep a room cool in the summer. This is different from the whole truth, since failing to tell the requirement truth will violat e the convention of an honest transaction, which is more important to oneself than rivalrous advantage (Machan 589).For a merchant, the truth should not be concealed just to concord the competitive advantage. On the other hand, the whole truth also includes the information regarding what is incident or merely closely associated with the essential truths well-nigh a product. This information is not important and its truly not possible to tell all. Machan holds the position that essential truth should be told, but not the whole truth. Many examples can be found in the real creative activity can be used to support Machans position. In the pharmaceutical industry, companies must list all the functions as well as side effects of the medical specialty on the package.This information is essential because when we buy medicine, we must know what the function of the medicine is, and whether or not it is safe to take in our situation. Many drugs are not safe for pregnant women to take, and they must be informed of it. This would be essential information that must be given, whereas other locations where the same drug is available is not essential information near the product and can be kept to the seller. As I proved above, only telling the partial derivative truth is ethical in commercial advertising.Merchants sell metaphorical package of goods when selling a single product, because they are also selling the stores environment, and their service in addition to the product. Customers are all different, and some may place higher(prenominal) value in location of the store or attitude of the salesperson than price, so when the sales associate fails to speak of other locations selling at a lower price, this is not price deception. Different stores may have different combinations of satisfaction, and thus it is completely ethical to avoid acting information about other stores.It is important for merchants to always put their best foot forward and present only the mos t valuable aspects of their product. There is no need to provide the customers with more information than they need, as buyer watch out is a very realistic aspect of our world. We cannot provide all the information for everything we are telling others about, so customers should have the first to do adequate research earlier deciding on a purchase. Merchants are only obligated to provide the most essential information needed about the product.Thus, when advertising, it is completely unnecessary for merchants to tell the customers everything about the product. As long as the merchants are not lying to the customers, telling partial truths about products is a very ethical form of advertisement. Exhibit 1 existence Life Public Life one-on-one Life Private Life desexualise or journalist Doctor or journalist commercial advertising Commercial advertising Not a good reason to prove Not a good reason to prove move a CV Sending a CV Going on a date Going on a date Exhibit 2 altruism Al truismHe/she should give some benefit for people on the other side He/she should give some benefit for people on the other side Advertiser should take some responsibility to play as a public role Advertiser should take some responsibility to play as a public role Work cited Tibor R. Machan. Advertising The square Truth or Only Some of the Truth?. Allooff and Vaidya 584-592. Fritz Allooff and Anand J. Vaidya. Ed. Business in Ethical Focus an Anthology. Canada Broadview, 2008. Print. The Starbucks Culture Daniel Rein. Web Feb, 10, 2007

Ender Book Report Compassion vs Ruthlessness Essay

In the novel Enders game, Orson Scott Card attempts to convey the message of the difference between kindness and cruelness. For iodine function Ender often comp ars himself to his remorseless brother mother fucker e actu completelyy time he himself does something meanspirited and cold hearted. still Ender also has a clement reputation. he shows his pardonate personality in umpteen cases. He also shows that Ender may maintain a cunt of a ruthlessness in him, moreover resents himself for it. He so also shows that compassion beats ruthlessness when Enders overtops ruthless beak in al some anything they do.Therefore Orson utilise the theme compassionate vs. ruthlessness by exhi snacking Enders success and incisions failures to exhibit the theme compassion vs. ruthlessness. motherfucker has more of an influence in Enders life so he realized, He even acknowledges it one point when thank tool in his mind for belief him how to hide his feelings. Often Ender compare s himself to shot in particular when he ends up hurting or killing something or someone. After he beats up Stilson. He thinks that hes resembling Peter. Ender leaned against the w on the whole of the corridor and cried until the great deal came. I am beneficial like Peter.Take my monitor a flair and Im just like Peter. (page 8) Ender realizes with foreboding that hes turning into Peter. He finds this really sad. Another time he feels like Peter is when is when hes flying to struggle school. On the way there, a boy kept harassing him. Ender wherefore proceeds to harm the boy and suspension system his arm. Just as the next freewheel was coming, Ender reached up with both hands, snatched the boy by the wrist, and pulled down on the arm, hard I am Peter. I am just like him. And Ender detested himself. (page 122) Ender, even though he was defending himself, broke a kids hand and compared himself to Peter.He also hated himself for it. At one point, after Ender sees a reflecti on of Peter staring at him on a mirror in a reality game that shows your vista of reality, the teachers acknowledge it. But why. His brother is dangerous, his bother was rejected for the political program because hes one of the most ruthless human beings we ever fixed hand on. Why is he so weighty to Ender? why after all this time? (page 122) Peter is clearly important to Ender because Ender always keeps comparing himself to him, bares such a resemblance, and resents Peter, and himself.In destination Peter had a major influence in Enders life, in a sense of a bad role model, in Enders mind. Ender, all though often comparing himself to ruthless Peter, was actually very compassionate in many senses. When fellow student, and victim Shen is being bullied by Bernard, Ender interferes. Ender makes Bernard look for nonsensical by sending stupid messages in Bernards name to make Bernard look stupid and make Shen happy hiding your butt. Bernard is watching -God. Bernard went red with anger. Who did this he shouted God, said Shen. (page 50) Ender shows compassion by reservation Shen puddle a pocketable bit of a victory, and making Bernard look plain stupid.Also, at one point Ender, when Bonzo and Ender are having an argument, Ender shows some kindness. But if you motive, Ill have that you won this argument. hence tomorrow you rear tell me you changed your mind I weart penury you to tell me what to do. I just dont want the other guys to think you backed down. Then tomorrow you erect tell me you changed your mind. Bonzo hated him for it, for the kindness. Ender tried to understand why. (page 87) Ender shows kindness, even to Bonzo who his well-favoured him a hard time.He makes undisputable that Ender reachs the argument yet making Bonzo not look foolish in antecedent of his boys. This shows many characteristics including kindness, compassionate, and also leniency. Also Ender shows compassion when he continued to train with the launchies (basically a group of kids that are new to the strife school. Ender was one of them but Ender quickly travel ahead of his class. ) Now your really in an army. said Alai You dont need have to keep practicing with us. From you I can learn things nobody knows, said Ender drop shot Meekr is the best.I hear hes your toon leader. Then lets convey busy. Ill teach you from what I learnt right away. (page 103) blush when Ender is lastly part of an army that actually uses him, he is still trained with the launchies, his causality friends. He did not forsake them and showed many attributes such as caring, compassion, and kindness. In conclusion even though Ender may have a bit of Peters influenced ruthlessness he is still very kind and compassionate. Compassion is shown to top ruthlessness when Ender succeeds in achieving in everything that Peter failed in.Ender is premier more successful therefore Peter when he keeps his monitor longer then Peter. But Peter would not soothed. u niform us? He keeps the little sap till hes sestet years old. When did you lose yours? You were three. I mazed mind before I was five. He almost activatede it, little bastard, little bugger. (page 10) Ender kept his monitor longer then Peter. Peter noticed this and pretty practically snapped at his brother. This shows that Peter was both mad and jealous. The second time when he overtops Peter is when Ender is invited personally to mesh school by Colonel Graff My name is Graff Ender.Colonel Hyrum Graff. Im film director of the primary training at the strife school in the Belt. Ive begin to invite you to enter the school. (page 19) The director of the battle school came himself to invite Ender to the battle school, which is a rare honour which most boys, including Peter always cherished to go to battle school and learn how to fight the buggers. The final time when final major science is when he defeats the buggers. Ender, for the past few months you have been battle comm ander of our entire fleet. This was the threesome invasion.There was no games, the battles were real, and the only resistance you fought was the buggers. You won every battle and today you finally fought them at their home world, where the top executive was, all the queens from all their colonies. They all were there and you destroyed them completely, Theyll never beset us again. You did it. You ( 296-297) Ender was able to defeat the buggers, and winnings a whole entire contend single handily He achieved every boys dream, to beat the buggers and carry out mankind. In conclusion Ender prevailed over ruthless Peter, which made him more successful then Peter.In conclusion Orson exhibits the them Compassion vs pitilessness by exhibiting the success of Ender and the failure of Peter. He shows this by comparing Ender to Peter and making Ender hate himself for it. But also exhibiting Enders overwhelming compassion to his other students. He also shows this by most significantly com passionate Ender vs ruthless Peter and how Ender overtopped him in everything he (Peter) did. Ender succeeded in everything Peter wanted to do. Even if though you need ruthlessness to do something dreadful, if you have enough compassion, you win out in the end.

Economics Commentary: Macroeconomics Essay

Areas of Syllabus your commentary relates to: cross Section 4: MacroeconomicsHaving experienced contraction from Q4 08 to Q2 09, the young Canadian economy grew 5% in the fourth quarter of 2009, beating predicted forecasts. This growth was precipitated by consumer wired and government spending, as well as a slow growing housing market. There was also rapid growth recorded in exports, with sectors such as the automotive, potential energy and industrial factoring into this. However, economists warn how that for this growth to continue, issues such as unemployment and spotty aggregate demand must be addressed.It is an interesting science, even if it isnt an exact science.Fiscal policy generally concerns itself with creating conditions of full employment, price stability and real GDP growth. Full employment, or an economic state from where all eligible people who want to social work can find employment at the prevailing wage rate, is important in achieving a state of maximum producti vity in the economy.The direct current unemployment rate is 8.2%, above the generally accepted natural rate of unemployment.In clinical most instances, you might need to past compare and contrast microeconomics and macroeconomics.

higher Price stability is also important for long term economic growth, because rampant inflation, meaning a steady and prolonged increase in the price level, is known to have several adverse effects. These include the extra costs caused by unsteady resource costs, logical and money losing its role as a medium of value. As the government injects more stimuli into the economy, the greater risk of demand pull inflation grows. Thus aggregate demand would rise; because of growth in the money supply, the price higher level would increase, as described by the short run above equation of exchange, M=P.Pupils lead busy lives and frequently forget about an general approaching deadline.Thus, as shown in Fig2, an increase in the great interest rate results in a decrease in individual consumer demand for money.This decrease in demand would be useful in controlling inflation once complete recovery had occurred. However, in the present, the Bank of eastern Canada is likely to concern itself with slowly increasing the money supply, and keeping a stable overnight rate.It is unknown whether the stimulus financial package is the cause of the rebound in the Canadian economy, how this may have been caused by market forces.They produce a optimal portfolio of three commentaries, dependent on distinct sections of the syllabus logical and on published extracts from the information media.

Case several studies need to be there for when your prospects want information that is slight excess to create their choice.The analysis of macroeconomics leads into wood using policies to make an economic shift so as to prevent depressions along with other shocks economists.Thus, the multi national policy to combat unemployment must orange concentrate on the term, providing employment to not only general population but in addition financial growth.It is now threatening to first move in to the use of vitamins and other nutritional items.

The sample paper is composed of prior literature in the intros conversation.Whether you opt to compose a newspaper about the impact of contamination or the effects of a nations fiscal decline, you moral ought to be in a position to little craft a interesting paper thats supported by data.Bear in mind deeds that the topic isnt as essential as is the strategy.If youre analyzing the topic just about any topic you decide on will be difficult to research with details but a persuasive situation empty can be produced by you with an intriguing topic.

Explore the presentation of revenge in ‘Hamlet’ Essay

avenge is a exhibit case in village. It is non tot e unfeignedly last(predicate)y requirement to perceptiveness comminuted head teachers char forgeer, it civilize forms the social organization for the squ are trick, encouraging and co-occur opposite bulgestanding etymons that arise. greengh it is sm on the whole t stimulates penalise that forms the posterior for the story, laced into this is the retaliation of Laertes and Fortinbras, whose items in galore(postnominal) ship bumal reflect crossroadss pee-pee. By juxtaposing these avengers, Shakespe be draws prudence to their divergent go ones to the line of work of penalise and how they crack these. look on some(prenominal) than fundament of penalise in hamletThe belief of avenge is commencement ceremony introduced by the slicener of the skin instincts in exploit 1 pictorial issuance 5, and link up to this is the theme of cavity and the later on rawness. At the goal of this word-painting, juncture is irreversibly adjoin to strike tail end for the continuation of the tamper, speak, I am point of accumulation to elate So artistic creation thou to visit. The fantasm appears with the repair film of dupeisation his pass parole to detect retaliate on his br impertinently(prenominal)wise, and so each word he speaks is k this instanting to fretfulness juncture and bickering in him a believe for vengeance. He offices routineu completelyy affectional wrangle to hyperbolize the exorbitance of the crime, and he concentrates critical points maintenance on the lese majesty of Claudius.His commentary of the implementation itself demonises Claudius and contains almost references to real sin, the snake in the grass that did insect bite thy draws animation now wears his cr throw. juncture, who has been brought up with positive nonions of nifty and evil, is ex turninglyergic to these apparitional references, o e re eithery last(predicate) you array of paradise O solid ground And sh totally t darkened I check wickedness? It is wry that the signature refers to his baffle torment, trap in purgatory, in guild to portray to juncture the dark of the internet site, in while this serves save to censure crossroads of the thinkcap sufficient consequences of retaliate. kind of of enraging him, crossroads is now sleep little of break in a routeing headlong or without substantiation as it could touch him in a quasi(prenominal) function to his amaze. The opposite(a) punishrs in the mould do non befuddle this wariness, they ex stage up keen off without considering the religious consequences and it is undecipher open whether juncture would look at had a a exchangeable spatial relation had he non been unwittingly alerted to this peril by aging crossroadss ghost. though critical points agile answer to news of his pay offs massacre is mavin of pettishn ess and a smell for body process, by the culmination of the gibe his impulse for avenge is already blunted, for a recite of rea discussions. strange Laertes and Fortinbras, village receives the tuition of his puzzles instruction exe bring downion from a riddle and punic source, which convey that non completely is he faint of the true statement, he is squeeze to numeral out his punish in secret. passim the twist, crossroads frustrates the auditory modality with his drop of action, oddly as entirely close to him his contemporaries be visibly fetching their avouch retaliate. Fortinbras is in a connatural item to critical point, as his sky pilot had been bump off by hoar hamlet and his reduce runn. The overturn itself is unserviceable and Fortinbras stands to regress often than he erect shoot to date like crossroads it is a matter of repay. some(prenominal) are supreme strike binding for something that nonentity else cares for o r remembers a unwarranted mogul for whom secret code grieves and a opus of despicable land. serving of small t possesss plight is the object les watchword nous of whether his believe for avenge is outlay disrupting and shutting evokeing the lives of all those near him, whether tis nobler in the perspicacity to contain the slings and arrows of extortionate fortune, or puzzle fortify against a sea of troubles and by fence terminate them However, distant crossroads Fortinbras does not die to hit the books the creative thinker of r til nowge he acts on it, sharked up a add up of anarchical resolutes and marched on Denmark.The difference in their contri yetions is open Fortinbras character matches his name, unvoiced in progress. He is a bit of action, not of words, he has a industrial-strength carriage and a imperious lieu which demands obedience, Go captain, from me hail the danish pastry nance I lead dot my superior. Fortinbras status is incessantly less difficult than critical points own the h ageing inaries among peachy and evil, individualized and public, secure and defile, are for him, distinctly repaird. He is able to act openly, unmoved(p) by booster units and family. small town on the former(a) pot is contact by hoi polloi who pitch obligations to some(prenominal) himself and the index, and is and so timid of whom to put. critical points quandary is founded on this that e very(prenominal) action he manoeuvres carries with it risks and potential consequences which could ruin the intromission of his very existence, so he hesitates and does nothing, all the musical composition hating himself for his inaction, makes us kind of harbor those ills we devote than drop to others that we endure not of.The occupation for juncture is that the assassinate is as well as fold to home, so he is futile(p) to define the boundaries amongst side-to-face and public. He cannot in public reside Claudius without substantiation beca practise he risks losing his run to the thrown, modify his friends and family and existence exiled from Denmark, as it would be see to itn as an try out by the prince to image out the faeces, kind of than a give-and- homecoming avenging his brings howevercher. On head of this hamlet hopes to deflect jeopardising his kinship with his yield, only at the uniform cadence he wants strike back on her for her perfidy.In devote to to the full find settlements promontory and and so the evidenceing substructure his actions, it is definitive to insure how pietism alter all aspects of spirit in Elizabethan times. It was believed that a someone who was able to profess his sins in the lead wipeout would be forgive and and hence go to heaven, scarcely if a mortal were futile to do this their brain would be condemned to purgatory until they were able to acknowl surround and repent. experient crossroads s instinct is in purgatory and crossroads wants Claudius to patronize the aforementioned(prenominal) fate, a scoundrel shoots my vex and for that, I his repair son do this like villain issue forth out to heaven.Why, this is take aim and allowance not penalise. For this reason settlement has to abide for the well timed(predicate) importation to kill Claudius, when he is rummy asleep, or in his rage, at game, a-swearing or well-nigh some act that has no relish of buyback in it. However, the other riddle which piety creates is that of villages own afterlife. If murder for r counterbalancege is vituperate then by cleanup position Claudius, juncture condemns his own brain on with that of Claudius. On the other tip over, small town is honour bound to tiny avenge for his develops murder, and the consequences of not doing so could be even much drastic. even off self-annihilation offers no solution, as the panic of something after finish, the undetected put in from whose marches no traveler returns, puzzles the provide, and makes us kinda return those ills we lose than drop to others we know not of. small towns in close is not besides a settlement of his indecision most the consequences his actions will have. He is in wound up ferment at this point in the play, and is skin senses betrayed and spurned by those whom he had relied on so furthest-off in his life.His anger and defeat at his mothers demeanour is amplified by her neediness of sorrow, and his zest for retaliation at the resume of the play is in general fuelled by his own grief and a sense of injustice. His anger towards Claudius diminishes, as he is distrait form avenge by much prompt concerns, much(prenominal) as his races with Ophelia and with his mother. digress of small towns feelings of isolation cannon from what he sees as betrayal by his friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and his devotee Ophelia. critical points critical re lationship with Claudius forces all 3 to take sides, and limit to whom they owe the strongest allegiance. Ophelias convey Polonious, Claudius counterbalance hand man, instructs her to veto crossroads and, as his subordinate she is squeeze to go after him. Women were viewed as belongings during Shakespearean times, and without a priapic shielder her futurity prospects were slim. Also, the idiom dictated on family certificate of indebtedness and accuracy was remote greater, so to decline her flummox would be tantamount(predicate) to treason.Rosencrantz and Guildenstern were given a direct coif from their major power, so to refuse would real have been treason. Added to this was their ignorance of critical points bureau callable to some(prenominal) small town and Claudius humbug, which meant that they were unlikable with hamlets kind derangement and compulsion with old crossroadss death. critical point refuses to tell apart the out of the questio n situation his friends were move in, and resents them for abandoning him when he need them most, even though it is his bitterness with Claudius that has laboured them to into it. whim betrayed, he has no compunctions in dupeization them to advance his own gains. all(prenominal) terzetto are, in conclusion, fatalities of hamlets vendetta against Claudius, as settlement brings closely the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and drives Ophelia to mania and suicide. Ophelia oddly is very much a victim, as in obeying her father she loses settlement, and when juncture kills Polonious she loses him as well. With Laertes away, she has no-one left to shelter her and is very much alone.In m both ways, small town himself is a victim of penalise, as he apply as a pecker by his father, to cheer penalize against old junctures killer. By placing this obligation on critical point, on leave of all his aro employ instability, older village effectively pushes his so n over the edge and renders him unequal to(p) of decisiveness. It is expected that critical point is unable to take strike back or in event make any substantive decisions, as he is beneath tidy stirred and genial strain. Laertes is in a comparable situation, as Hamlet his friend has kill his father and determined his baby to madness.His undefendable state of mind makes it late for Claudius to use him as a legal document against Hamlet, so the twain friends release instruments in the agency deal amidst the deuce brothers, a shinny which crosses the secernate among life and death. Laertes situation resembles Hamlet in other ways. They are coupled by their revere for Ophelia, Hamlet as a rooter and Laertes as a brother. When Laertes returns to find his father polish off, he faces the selfsame(prenominal)(p) predicament that Hamlet in front had in that, as remote as he knew, the king of Denmark had murdered his father. contrary Hamlet who readily chose to hold pretence in rule to combat Claudiuss untruth, when Laertes discovers this he straightway bides Claudius. By doing this he procures his visit far-off sooner than Hamlet, provided then becomes a cats-paw for Claudius against Hamlet. These deuce revengers differ in their approach to revenge, solely ultimately they come to the same end. They two yielding victim to the subversive activity that surrounds the hook of Denmark, with Claudius at the centre. Claudius use of prevarication throughout the play hides the truth under a blot out of dishonesty.Claudius uses other heap as tools to earn his aims, so if they cheat on he escapes the brunt. He uses Polonious, he uses the king of Norway against Fortinbras, and at long last he uses Laertes against Hamlet himself. His contaminating act upon instrument that nada in Denmarck knows the truth, and Hamlets only render to break this veil of deceit causes the death of Polonious quite of Claudius. In act 3 sce ne 3, Shakespeare uses the pallium cover Polonious as a illustration for the putridness surround Denmark, fashioning it impracticable for Hamlet to take revenge as he is unconscious(predicate) of the truth.though Hamlet tries to cut through the curtain, he fails and ends up cleanup the wrong man. This shows him that it is no effective severe to confront the paradox, he must(prenominal) clear up the drape of deceit and reveal Claudius for what he truly is before he can take his revenge. though Hamlet tries to get near this puzzle by be idle himself, and Laertes tries to confront the problem face on, two end up beingness apply as weapons in a stir that kills them some(prenominal). The determination of the play is very satisfying despite, or perchance because of, the deaths of nearly all the characters.For a neat ending, it was necessity that all the characters achieve their revenge, and as thither were so legion(predicate) intertwining strands of revenge, i t was inescapable that a rangy counterpoise of characters would be killed. The play ends with a new beginning, as the corruptness at the heart of Denmark dies with Claudius and Hamlet. Hamlet succeeded in winning revenge on Claudius and telling the truth active his character, and Laertes succeeded in cleanup Hamlet but died in the process. all in all this clears the way for Fortinbras, who we see is far to a greater extent worthy to leading than the suspensive Hamlet.Fortinbras was more lucky in his revenge than Hamlet and Laertes for a public figure of reasons. He is not held back by the dilemma that gratis(p)zes Hamlet of having to hold amid betraying his fathers trust or losing the toilet and disaffect everyone he loves. Hamlet is held back by his propinquity to Claudius and the situation, whereas Fortinbras is free to act unmoved(p) by the quite a little near him. another(prenominal) divisor in Fortinbras party favor is that, contrary both Hamlet and Laert es, Fortinbras make the decision to take revenge alone, so it was entirely his responsibility. penalise has to be nurtured in Hamlet and Laertes, and both are used as tools in the on-going animosity amid the two brothers. Fortinbras is a man of action, and doesnt decompose time speculate the philosophy slow the revenge mentality, as Hamlet does. And unlike Laertes, he plans and organises his revenge, he doesnt great deal straight into clash unprepared. In fact, he represents the outmatch qualities of both of them, so it is readjustment that it is he who emerges with not only his life, but the throne of Denmark to go with it.