Are Custodial Sentences the most economical and effective way of Crime Prevention - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1944 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Crime Essay Did you like this example? Custodial sentences are supposed to be an efficient way of reducing crime, enforcing punishment for the crime committed. The main aims of custodial sentencing is Retribution , Denunciation ,Deterrence ,Rehabilitation and Reparation, but are custodial sentences always the most economical and best way of crime prevention? The idea of Retribution is to enforce a punishment on the offender as a result of the actions and the crimes they have committed. Denunciation is aimed to be a way of acknowledgment and highlighting the fact of societyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s un-acceptance and zero tolerance policy of crimes being committed without being punished. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Are Custodial Sentences the most economical and effective way of Crime Prevention?" essay for you Create order This should give satisfaction to society that there is justice being done to criminals.[1] Lord Denning described denunciation as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Punishment is the way in which society expresses its denunciation of wrong doing, and in order to maintain respect for the law it is essential that the punishment inflicted for grave crimes should adequately reflect the revulsion felt by the great majority of citizens for them.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢[2] Custodial sentences are supposed to be also used as a Deterrence and a preventative measure to prevent crimes from being committed in the future by giving harsh sentences for crimes the government hopes this will prevent crimes being committed in the future especially where harsher sentences are given.[3] One of the main aims of rehabilitation is to reform and rehabilitate them so that when they are released back into society they are educated and that they are less likely to commit crimes when they ar e released. It is beneficial for offenders to be educated and have access to qualifications whilst being imprisoned which makes the time spent inside beneficial and then once rehabilitated have the skills they need to find a job when released back into the community so that they dot have to resort back to crime as a way to make money.[4] The main aim of rehabilitation is to reform the offender and rehabilitate him or her into society, so that they are less likely to commit offences in the future. This is either because they either learn to see the harm they are causing to society or because they learn through education, training and other forms of help. It is an aim that looks into the future of the defendant. It has the hope that the offender ¹s behaviour will be altered by the penalty imposed, so they will not re-offend in the future. Reparation allows compensation to the victims of the crimes where the courts have the power to order the offender to repay and give com pensation to the victim for the crime they have committed. In an ideal world custodial sentences are supposed to be the most beneficial way of crime prevention although this is in theory, in practice this is not always the case. For example certain criminals offend to feed a drug or alcohol addiction. We know for more serious crimes and repeat offenders that custodial sentences are the only option however in some other less serious crimes it may be more cost effective and economical if the offender had to pay compensation not only to the victim but also the same or even more to the government. This could become a more effective way in crime reduction if offenders actually have to pay money as opposed to just going to prison where in fact the government and the tax payer have to pay for them, shelter, feed and clothe them rather if the criminals were the ones who had to pay this may give an income to the government as well as compensating the victims. In Section 152 9 (2) Of The Criminal Justice Act 2003 (amended in 2012 LASPO), states that, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The court MUST NOT pass a custodial sentence unless it is of the opinion that the offence, or the combination of the offence and one or more offences associated with it, was SO SERIOUS that neither a fine alone nor a community sentence can be justified for the offenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ There are certain restrictions as per Section.79 (2) of the Powers of Criminal Courts Service Act 2000 (PCC(S)) that:- That the offence, or the combination of the offence and more or more offences associated with it , was so serious that only such a sentence can be justified for the offence; or Where the offences are a violent or sexual offence, that only such a sentence would be adequate to protect the public from serious harm.[5] Custodial sentences in this context may not always be the most effective way of crime prevention and rehabilitation of the criminal and further preventing crimes from being committed in the future. However this may be beneficial to society if the offender poses certain risk to the general public however offenders at this level often have a total disregard for the law an often do not mind going to jail as jail offers a warm bed with food and shelter often many offenders donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have this in society. Housing offenders in prison is very costly to the government and the tax payer. In a report disclosed by the Minister of Justice for 2012-13 state the cost of housing one prisoner alone a Male CAT B prisoner to be  £33,632. [6] It can be said by some that criminals are just thrown into prison without actually doing much in order to rehabilitate the criminals this can be seen clearly due to the overcrowding of the prison population. In Lord Carters review in 20 07 of prisons, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Securing the Futureà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, where he predicted that from June 2014 that there will be a lack of prison places and their could potentially be a shortfall of places as high as 13,000. That puts more pressure on the government to provide funds and build new prisons in order to facilitate the ever increasing amount of criminals being put in prison.[7] Due to prisons being overcrowded this has consequently had a knock on effect an disrupted the rehabilitation of prisoners , since prisoners are often moved around as the prison service tries to facilitate the fluctuation in prison numbers and to relieve themselves from stress. This means educating the offenders is often interrupted and/or neglected as a result and often before they are able to finish completing courses they have started.[8] The fact prisoners are being moved around makes it difficult to maintain and set out plans for rehabilitating individuals, so as a result making prisoners employable when they finish their sentence becomes more difficult resulting in repeat offenders committing crimes and then again ending back in jail at the cost of the tax payer. This cycle will continue if significant changes are not made to the justice system in the up and other authorities who work together. The lack of failing to work together effectively comes at a huge price to the government and the tax payer and wastes funds, In an Audit conducted by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The National Audit Officeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, they held that 62% of court proceedings in the UK that cases were not successful and did not go ahead due to drop in charges on the day of the hearing or poor preparation and lack of evidence which caused cases to be dropped.[9] If the British justice system were more inclined to rehabilitating and educating offenders as opposed to just putting them in jail and paying little attention to the rehabilitation, they may find huge savings the government and the British tax payer. In a report by the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Matrix Knowledge Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, who made a report called,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ For and Against Prisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢; they made some remarkable predictions relating to this matter. The aim of their report was too collect evidence which was needed to identify and outline and argument for and against offenders being served with custodial sentences , including alternatives and an economic forecast of the current costs and the potential savings that could be earned by rehabilitating individuals as opposed to just putting them in prison.[10] In the Case R v Howells (1999) Lord Bingham stated that : à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢There is no bright line which separates offences which are so serious that only a custodial sentence can be justified from offences which are not so serious as to require the passing of a custodial sentenceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (pg. 103)[11] The Matrix report stated that if there were to be adult community interventions and Drug rehabilitation available in the community for offenders known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Drug Treatment Alternative To Prison Programme (DTAP)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ , where offenders will be put on intense programmes , inclusive of group sessions with in their community which would help to teach them social skills and values , help to become drug free, behavioural help also including educational programs which would help to make offenders employable and have a life which is positive an make them not dependant on drugs. [12] If operations were available like this in the community it would cost around  £5,299 per offender each year this is not a lot compared to the cost of housing offenders in prison . These types of community intervention could give a massive saving to the government the matrix report predicts that there could be a saving of  £88,469 to the tax payer alone, and a further saving of  £202,775 just for educating the offenders and preventing crimes which would give a saving to the victim costs alone.[13] There are other forms of sentencing that are available as opposed to custodial sentences for example in the Criminal Justice Act 1991 was when the Probation Order became a sentence in its own right this gave an increase in community sentences in 1992 the increase was 18% , and in 2002 it had increased again to 25%. Although these figures did not however reduce custodial sentences being given these figures were in addition to custodial sentences due to increase in crime.[14] To conclude it can be clear by the research and studies that have been taken to address the issue, of weather if custodial sentences are economical and cost effective way of crime prevention? Or that by sending prisoners to jail for some time where they can do no harm for the duration of the sentence is not always efficient or cost effect and/or if it even prevents crime at all? There is no doubt for certain kinds of prisoners a custodial sentence is the only option , but if there were alternatives made available by the justice system in communities this would give better value for money spent by way of rehabilitating offenders as opposed to just sending them to prison. Research has identified that adult based community schemes are shown to be the best and most likely to be more effective way of crime prevention in the UK. Bibliography Michael Cavadino and James Dignan, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"The Penal System: An Introduction (London: Sage, 2007, 4th Edition) Aileen Murphie, Measuring the effectiveness of prison on sentences in England and Wales (https://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/MurphieWilkins.pdf https://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/MurphieWilkins.pdf Roger Matthews, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Doing Time An Introduction to the Sociology of Imprisonment (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, 2nd Edition https://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/MurphieWilkins.pdf www.matrixknowledge.com/vendor/wp-content/ uploads/2013/09/10-economic-case-for-and-against-prison.pdf https://merlin/reports/nao/0506/n0506798.pdf https://sentencingcouncil.judiciary.gov.uk/sentencing/custodial-sentences.htm https://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/Deterrence Briefing .pdf [1] https://sentencingcouncil.judiciary.gov.uk/sentencing/custodial-sentences.htm [2] https://www.peterjepson.com/law/aoife sentencing.htm [3] https://www.sentencingproject.org/doc/Deterrence Briefing .pdf [4] https://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/MurphieWilkins.pdf [5] https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2000/6/contents [6] https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-justice/about/statistics [7] news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/05_12_07_prisons.pdf [8] https://www.justice.gouv.fr/art_pix/MurphieWilkins.pdf [9] https://merlin/reports/nao/0506/n0506798.pdf [10] Matrix report à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" For and Against prisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ , Blackboard [11] R v Howells ,Blackboard [12] Matrix Report , Blackboard [13] Matrix Report, Blackboard [14] Lecture 8 Slides Blackboard

Essay about Barbara Norris Case Study - 3145 Words

Term Paper Case Study: Barbara Norris, Leading Change in the General Surgery Unit Term Paper Case Study Hodges University HAS 3129 Professor Mary MacLaughlin 12/10/15 Table of Contents Introduction to the Case Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..1 Statement of the Problems†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..2 Generating Alternatives and Analyzing the Data†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 Selecting Decision Criteria†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3 Analyzing and Evaluating Alternatives and Action†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4 Recommendations and Implementation Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦9 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 Term†¦show more content†¦These include relationships with the director of nursing, senior nursing staff, newer nursing staff, patient care assistants, physicians, and administrators. We will explore some of these relationships and the problems and issues associated with them, followed by recommendations and a plan of action that Barbara can implement to achieve her goals. Statement of the Problems As nurse manager Barbara is responsible for managing the staff, scheduling and budgeting for the unit. Her staff includes twenty-five registered nurses and eight patient care assistants (PCA’s). The unit is known for its culture of confrontation, blaming, and favoritism. The staff is dissatisfied, unmotivated, and not functioning as a team to deliver quality patient care. In Barbara’s first month she has lost two RN’s and due to a hiring freeze at EMU Barbara was not able to replace the positions. The unit is short staffed, stress levels are high and employee morale is low. Barbara meets individually with twenty or so staff members and comes to the conclusion that no one is happy and she has a lot of work to do. There are multiple groups that Barbara has identified issues with and she must come up with an action plan to manage the discrepancies. She has found issues in downward management which involves senior nurses, newer nurses, and patient care assistants, and in upward management including administrators and physicians,Show MoreRelatedBarbara Norris Case Study1062 Words   |  5 PagesBarbara Norris Case Analysis Synopsis - Barbara month into a management position of a unit that is ‘Troubled’ she has had no experience in managing a large units which included managing, scheduling and budgeting. - The unit is short staffed, stressed and there is a high turnover with a poor culture. 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Antonys Rhetorical Superiority Analysis Essay free essay sample

Using Logos, Antony’s logical argument that Caesar was not ambitious made the mob begin to doubt their current suppositions that Caesar deserved death for his ambition. With the emotive appeals of Pathos, Antony used a wide variety of props, rhetorical tricks and cleverly worded lies to incense the mob against the conspirators whom had killed the apparently unambitious Caesar. Most importantly, however, Antony’s greatest ability was the way that he presented himself almost simultaneously as both a common man and the mighty noble that he was, using Ethos to its utmost effect and connecting to the mob in ways that Brutus and even Cassius could not. When Antony insisted that Brutus tell him why they had killed Caesar, his motive was not to see if their cause was justified or not. Antony’s real aims were to decipher their logical argument behind killing Caesar, in order to understand how to combat it in his upcoming monologue. He then paid close attention during Brutus’ speech, to reaffirm his knowledge of how to refute the shallow logic that Brutus unknowingly used. From these two sources, Antony was able to construct a counter-argument that was both precise and effective. Brutus had claimed, speaking for all the conspirators, that they had killed Caesar for his ambition that threatened to enslave all of Rome, leading to destitution and sadness for all. Antony knew the way to respond, however, in his â€Å"Friends, Romans, Countrymen†¦Ã¢â‚¬  speech. He stated his refrain early on: â€Å"[Caesar] was my friend, faithful and just to me; but Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man† (III. ii. 86). He would then proceed by providing factual evidence that Caesar was in fact not ambitious, and then return to his theme by stating that in spite of all the proof to the contrary, Brutus still accused Caesar. Using parallelism, and continuing to juxtapose the incontrovertibility of Caesar’s innocence to Brutus’ drastic and unnecessary actions, Antony was able to defeat the arguments of the conspirators. Despite this, Brutus had used other reasons why they had killed Caesar in his speech, which Antony did not address within his own. Wherein lies one of his greatest victories: the ability to recognize the essential, underlying argument that was the lifeline of all other logic that the conspirators used, that Caesar’s death was warranted by his ambition. Antony reasoned that if he could disprove just this one point, all the other points that the conspirators had made would be immediately invalidated, granting him a complete victory. The mob’s sudden loss of confidence in the conspirators and Caesar’s guilt would leave the crowd with a void of trust, unsure why â€Å"honorable† Brutus, Cassius, and the others would kill Caesar, if not for his ambition. Antony, anticipating this void, planned to fill it with anger and rage against his enemies, by harnessing the subtle and powerful art of Pathos. The turbulent and powerful qualities of emotion have the capacity to control its host entirely. To translate the anger he was creating from the crowd into action, Antony needed to stoke it much as one does a fire. Many times, Antony played with the emotions of the crowd, and he began by reinforcing his victory of logic. He states in his first speech, â€Å"You did all love [Caesar] once, not without cause; what cause withholds you then to mourn for him? † (III. ii. 103) Since he had already convinced his audience of Caesar’s innocence, he then makes them feel ashamed for having ever doubting the man’s obvious virtue and benevolence. He also used this rhetorical device when he subsequently states, â€Å"O judgment, thou art fled to brutish beasts, and men have lost their reason! (III. ii. 105) Through subtly lamenting that the crowd was acting without judgment, its members became earnest to rectify their mistake in listening to the conspirators. Antony knew that the crowd felt this way, and suggested to them a solution: â€Å"O masters! If I were disposed to stir your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong and Cassius wrong†¦ I rather choose to wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you† (III. ii. 122). This quotation reveals another concept that Antony places upon the Romans: the concept of two distinct sides. He places himself, the crowd, and the dead Caesar upon one side, and the conspirators upon the other. The crowd then realized that the conspirators, through killing Caesar, had wronged every single one of them. Having the mob come to accept Caesar as on their side might have proven difficult for Antony, but he was able to use exceptional props to accentuate his points. His strongest prop was the body of Caesar himself, which resembled much more a â€Å"carcass fit for hounds† than a â€Å"dish fit for the gods† as Brutus, hoping for the opposite, had said earlier. Antony placed his mentor’s body in plain view of the crowd, in the humble pose that death imposes. He then describes the man in startlingly personal and human terms, bringing the crowd closer to Caesar. He tells them, â€Å"For when the noble Caesar saw [Brutus] stab, ingratitude, more strong than traitors’ arms, quite vanquished him. Then burst his mighty heart†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. ii. 185) Possibly the most brilliant of Antony’s portrayals, he described Caesar not as a mighty ruler, but a kind and honest man. Antony brought the moment of the assassination to the Romans, and illustrated for them how it was not the daggers that killed Caesar but the extraordinary pain of seeing his best friend among his killers. He showed them how the great Caesar took their vicious thrusts with the grace and dignity of a hero, and not with regal contempt of a dictator. The crowd could now feel what the great Caesar felt, and welcomed him as one of them as a result. Antony then revealed his final prop: the very â€Å"will† of Caesar. At the end of all his speeches, when the populace is at the point of revolt, he reads, â€Å"Here is the will, and under Caesar’s seal. To every Roman citizen he gives, to every several man, seventy-five drachmas† (III. ii. 241). Despite the fact that the will was only a figment of Antony’s boundless imagination, he did not need it to be real in order to cause the mob to riot. When the crowd beheld that the conspirators had killed a man who was their great and just leader, who cared for them all enough to give them each a large sum of money upon his death, their emotions and anger exploded into the desperate and near unstoppable desire to act. Antony knew he had succeeded with making the crowd emotional enough to kill the conspirators, as he says with a grim satisfaction, â€Å"Now let it work: Mischief, thou art afoot, take thou what course thou wilt† (III. ii. 262). This undisputed mastery of the Pathos rhetorical technique that Antony wielded gave him the advantages he needed to quickly and efficiently accomplish his ends. The right hand man of Julius Caesar had another gift as well, one that enabled him to even dare to say most of the things he did to the crowd. The gift was a deep understanding of not just what to convey to an audience, but how to convey it: Ethos. From the very first sentence he spoke to the crowd, he had already received their rapt attention and their unconditional trust. He said, simply and honestly and without condescension, â€Å"Friends, Romans, Countrymen, lend me your ears†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. ii. 74) In only seven-words, Antony’s genius for communication can be easily viewed. He began by placing himself and the crowd within three groups that they all belonged to, creating a sense of unity among the gathered Romans. In addition, Antony respectfully requests permission for those assembled to listen to what he had to say, making the crowd truly feel that Antony was a common Roman like them. However, Antony is able to maintain, through both how he identifies himself and the way he speaks, to command respect like a noble or emperor would. This balance that Antony strikes between modesty and arrogance allows him to speak with authority, and not appear to be giving orders even as he does so. A clear demonstration of that ability is when Antony tells the mob, â€Å"I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts; I am no orator, as Brutus is; but (as you know me all) a plain blunt man that love my friend†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (III. ii. 218) Incredibly, Antony is able to mask his immense eloquence behind some of that very eloquence, casting himself and his tremendous words as the honest and simple words of a man whom loves his friend. Through this same passage, Antony distances himself from Brutus, whom he alleges as a practiced orator and politician trying to trick the people. The crowd, when then comparing Brutus to Antony, can connect to and hence trust the word of Antony far more, allowing him to widen the range of things he could say. Employing all of these tactics and many more, Mark Antony confirms how effective the correct usage of Ethos is as a tool of manipulation. It is unequivocal that the character in William Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Julius Caesar whom commanded the most extensive arsenal of manipulative weaponry, and used it to its fullest potential, was Mark Antony. With the Rhetorical Triangle of Aristotle as an evaluator, it is clear that Antony’s communicative methods blend together a seamless mix of logical, emotive, and ethical strategies. In only a few minutes, he turned the entire population of Rome against men whom had formerly had their unmitigated support. His efforts and success led to one of the most significant events in Western Civilization’s history, the collapse of the Roman Republic and the creation of the monstrous Roman Empire. Antony, in almost five minutes of incomparable excellence, accomplished all of this. His manipulative skills included the ability to, as Caesar put it, â€Å"†¦[look] quite through the deeds of men† (I. ii. 203). Ironically, virtually the only mistake that Antony made was how he trivialized his own success as fate, remarking to Octavian’s servant, â€Å"Fortune is merry, and in this mood will give us anything† (III. ii. 267). His modesty was most likely false: even fortune could not have done what he was able to.

Rime Essays - Samuel Taylor Coleridge, British Poetry,

Rime Of The Ancient Mariner Samuel Taylor Coleridge's poem "The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," written in 1797, has been widely discussed throughout literary history. Although critics have come up with many different interpretations of this poem, one idea that has remained prevalent throughout these discussions is the apparent religious symbolism present throughout this poem. "The Ancient Mariner" contains natural, gothic, and biblical symbolism; however, the religious and natural symbolism, which coincide with one another, play the most important roles in this poem (Piper 43). It is apocalyptic and natural symbolism that dominates the core of this poem (43). The biblical symbolism found in this poem mainly reflects the apocalypse, as it deals with the Mariner's revelation that good will triumph over evil, and his acceptance of all nature as God's creation. It is impossible to believe that Coleridge was not thinking of the mysterious wind that blows on the Mariner, without any awareness of the wind as a Biblical symbol of the Holy Spirit. Coleridge could also not associate the murder of the albatross with the crucifixion of Jesus Christ. The reader is told that the Polar Spirit "loved the bird that loved the man who shot him with his bow." It is doubtful that someone with Coleridge's Christian background and faith could fail to see here an analogy with God who loved his son who loved the men that killed him (Gardner 169). Another example of symbolism is the fact that the albatross is hung around the Mariner's neck like a crucifix. Event the"cross" in "cross-bow" hints at the murder of Jesus, which logically paces the albatross as a symbol for Christ (180). It is thought that Coleridge deliberately created these symbols and images with Christian meaning in mind. The apocalypse is heavily reflected upon throughout this poem as Coleridge combined the vivid colors, the ocean, and the death fires of "The Ancient Mariner" with the terror and desolation of the days of wrath in the apocalypse (Piper 48). The section of the poem after the Mariner kills the Albatross is a description of the emptiness and desolation that the Mariners experience, and the curse that is over the ship (103-127). This section of the poem has tremendous correspondence to the apocalyptic story. The language and form in this part of the poem represent the images and words, which have traditionally described the wrath of God and the guilt of man in Christian terms. Its is at this point in the poem that the Mariner feels guilty for having killed the Albatross and for the deaths of his shipmates. However, it is directly after this description that the Mariner observes the beauty of the water snakes and forms a respect for the presence of God in nature. In this poem Coleridge uses the wrath and guilt of the apocalypse, but adds his own ideas of divine love and conversion, which lead to paradise. Even thought the Mariner must continue with his penance, he is free of God's wrath and is able to appreciate and love all of nature as God's creation. Throughout this poem there are many examples of biblical symbolism in nature. Coleridge uses different elements of nature, such as the sea, as symbols of religious thought or beliefs. The sea is where the decisive events, the moments of eternal choice, temptation, and redemption occur (Piper 49). While at sea, the Mariner makes the eternal choice to kill the Albatross. This choice is eternal because once the Mariner has committed the act of murder, there is nothing that he can do to change it. As a result of the Mariner's decision, a curse falls over the ship and the Mariner is sentenced to eternal penance. The eternal penance that he must serve is a reminder to the Mariner of the choice that he made. However, even after the death of his soul, the Mariner experiences redemption when he recognizes and learns to love all God's creations. It is a known fact that Coleridge's thoughts and feelings where rarely affected by his beliefs, especially the apocalypse. The apocalyptic story deals with God's freeing the soul of man from the pains of sin and death, and lifting it into paradise. After the Mariner kills the albatross, he feels as if he is under some sort of curse (Harding 146). However, the Mariner goes through as conversion, which thus releases his soul from the pains of sin and death so that he can once again obtain happiness. There are two essential steps in the conversion process. The first step

a contrast the virgina colony essays

a contrast the virgina colony essays Virginia Colony Contrasted with the New England Colonies The colonies in New England and Virginia were very different even though they both originated from England. Each colony consisted of disparate people with contrasting reasons for travelling to the New World. The colonies were able to achieve success through different means, however these means were the principle cause of many problems the developing societies faced. The people that were to populate the New England colonies had a very conservative and logical approach to initiating their colonies. The people were seeking a place to practice their religion freely. They believed that many people around them did not believe as strongly in their religion, and wanted to divorce themselves from that halfhearted atmosphere. They brought with them those items and people they needed to create a strong community. They brought families and many relatives. They brought servants and some personal comforts. They made a strong attempt to follow the same manner of society as in England, and kept customs that were common there. Virginia, on the other hand, was not remotely prepared to start a new colony. The majority of people coming to the colonies were fortune hunters. This colony attracted the gentry and aristocracy, who were not in line to acquire wealth automatically. These people were here to discover gold and treasure to take back to England. They did not bring very many women to the new colony. They brought personal servants with them, but not any with useful skills like house building. Resulting from this oversight they were lacking in many necessities. They did not have the supplies to feed or sustain the colony, and they could not build ample shelter from the winter months. They went through a period known as the starving time where they lost many numbers. The colony did survive through this hardship to become a successful colony. ...

How to Mix Acid and Water Safely

How to Mix Acid and Water Safely When you mix acid  with water, its extremely important to add the acid to the water rather than the other way around. This is  because acid and water react in a vigorous exothermic reaction, releasing heat, sometimes boiling the liquid. If you add acid to water, the water is unlikely to splash up, however, even if it did, its less likely to cause injuries than if you make the mistake of adding water to acid. When you add water to acid, the water boils and  the acid may splatter and splash! Extra Caution With Strong Acids This rule is particularly important if you are working with strong acids that react completely with water. Mixing sulfuric acid and water is particularly risky because any splashed acid is corrosive enough to immediately burn skin and clothing. When mixing sulfuric acid or another strong acid, start with a volume of water large enough to absorb the heat of the reaction. Add the acid in small amounts of volume and stir thoroughly prior to adding more. Just Remember: Add the Acid An easy way to remember the rule  is Add the Acid. Protective Gear and a Fume Hood Because of the risk of splashes and the release of dangerous fumes, acids and water should be mixed inside a fume hood. Protective goggles, gloves, and a lab coat should be worn. If Acid Splashes In most cases, an acid splash should be treated by immediately rinsing the affected area with running water. Acid splashes on a lab bench or other surfaces may be neutralized by adding a weak base solution (e.g., baking soda in water). Although a strong base will neutralize an acid more quickly than a weak base, a strong base should never be used because the reaction between a strong base and acid releases a great deal of heat.

Old Testament law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Old Testament law - Essay Example For instance, the story of Noah’s ark and the flood was found in Genesis Chapters 6 to 9 (What Christians Want to Know, 2012). The presentation was through various forms: (1) by the stories being told personally from parents and older relatives (who were previously acquainted with the story from the bible); (2) through reading it from a pictured bible; and (3) through the lessons shared by teachers on Christian values. The manner of presentation actually ignited one’s interest on the Old Testament law, particularly in emphasizing that God is all powerful and could make all things possible. The lesson learned from the story included realizing that man should avoid sin to prevent earning anger and ire from God; and more importantly, that good virtue leads to salvation. In contemporary times, the story of Noah was made into a film through Evan Almighty (Tubbs, 2011). As emphasized, it â€Å"delivers thoughtful messages about having faith and trusting God, even when we dont see the whole plan; and about persevering, even when the task seems hopeless—particularly when serving God might open you up to ridicule and public embarrassment. We are also reminded that we are but stewards of Gods wondrous creation† (Tubbs, 2011, par. 6). Another remarkable story was Moses and the Ten Commandments. The same story was presented by others through the same formats, as abovementioned, and through an old film that was shown such as The Ten Commandments which starred Charlton Heston and Yul Brynner, among others (Nash Information Services, 2012). These presentations assisted in enforcing the need to obey and adhere to the Ten Commandments as noted in the bible. They have consistently formed one’s personal framework for treating others and for acknowledging the presence of a Divine Power and Supreme Being. One eventually realized that these commandments are effective guiding principles to ensure that one abides by the expected set of

Jasper Conran Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Jasper Conran - Coursework Example Jasper Conran is considered to be amongst the greatest contemporary artists and in recognition of his contribution to the fashion industry was honored with the Order of the British Crown in 2008. After Jasper Conran became associated with the Debenhams Store that stocked and marketed his J Line women’s wear that was launched in 1996, several of his other range of products began to be accepted through the store. In fact, his most successful venture has been his association with Debenhams, after which the sale of his line of accessories, men’s wear, women’s wear, hosiery, children wear and homeware grew exponentially. Jasper Conran has the distinction of being recognized with credibility in the world of costume designing. He has designed dresses for more than 15 theatre, opera and ballet productions (Ewing and Mackrell, 2006). Presently, his line of products has vastly expanded and includes lingerie, children’s wear, bridal wear, home wear, hosiery, jeans an d men’s wear. In 1999, Jasper Conran had started designing his signature brands of crystal following his partnership with Waterfold. This effort led to the introduction of four exclusive lines for Waterford and other table ware collections of bone china, which were also supplied to Wedgewood. The Wedgewood Collection by Jasper Conran is now the top selling porcelain table ware in the U.K. Jasper Conran launched his signature fragrance in 2003 and in 2005 he launched his most successful colorful fragrances; Jasper Conran II Man and Woman. In 2004, Jasper Conran designed a series of wallpapers and fabrics for the Designers’ Guild in London. At this time, Jasper Conran also designed an exclusive collection of fashionable fire places for Chesney’s in London. Jasper Conran is credited with having a unique British receptivity and his signature is exclusive because of his cuts and ensuing silhouette that remain unparalleled by other designers. Jasper Conran has often b een said to be the Calvin Klein of London. He created collections for men and women that represented sophisticated and classic lines. In 1986, he was declared as the Fashion Designer of the Year by the British Fashion Council, after which he struck a balance between British culture and international fashion. Jasper Conran was inspired by earlier Coco Chanel designs and American looks of Claire McCardell. His designs have been applauded for his outcomes generated from his retro styles and modern sophistication that were brought forth with pop over and monastic dresses. He is well recognized for his elegant adaptations of conventional British tweed formals. Conran’s ability and recognition was given a boost primarily because of his use of color combinations that were introduced in his 1992 collection. His evening wear is characteristic of a clean line in each garment that is brightened with cobalt and fuchsia. Founder’s Philosophy Capture any statements made by the desig ner or brand company about their philosophy e.g. attitudes to the environment. Jasper Conran is recognized as an authority in British styles, tailoring and designs that are characterized by a simple philosophy. His pieces are created so that they are used and enjoyed and are a pleasure to hold and to watch. Conran was much impacted by Jean Muir and still considers him as his mentor in fashion styles.

Experiential Leadership Essay Example for Free

Experiential Leadership Essay Executive Summary    The researchers’ aim is to point out to the effect of Experiential Leadership in the selected company liked Barras Home Improvements. Background:    The Progress Report Name of the Business Manager of Barras Home Improvement Company is Mike Allen. He supervised 16 employees. Eight of them were assigned in office and eight were outside in the field. Nature of business/service market Barras Home Improvements was formed in 1987. During the past year, the company has positioned itself as a leader in the sales and home improvement. Home Improvement is the field of expertise in fact customer can easily choose their desired lay out for their home improvement, guided by the advice support to meet the great improvement of the home. In addition, they are now celebrating a twenty years in service. Barras Home Improvements Company is classified as family Business. They have large selection of Kitchens, Bathrooms and Bedrooms gallery lay-out or so called showrooms. Their mission statements are choice and value for money, service and quality product, and first class workmanship. The purposed of the operation of the company is to provide customer with highest standards of quality and service. Their products are sinks, taps, wall and floor tiles, Amtico flooring and shower enclosures and etc. They are also specialised in the complete installation service covering every aspect from plumbing and electric’s, plastering and minor building work and tiling to maintenance free ceilings. Insurance work is also undertaken and a 12 month written guarantee is given on all our work. We are both CORGI and NIC EIC registered. They also have a promotion of  £50.00 deposit only for the customers instillation fee Customer scope and demographics The informational data that the company can offer to the customer is as follows: Local: This Company is situated at the top of Clay Lane, off Ball Hill Shopping Centre on the Walsgrave Road. M6 –   Heading South: Leave M6 at Junction 3. Follow A444 towards Coventry. Turn   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   left into Mercer Avenue and the showroom is at the top of this road, which is at   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     the junction of Clay Lane. M6 – Heading North: Leave M6 at Junction 2. Follow signs for the A4600 heading towards Coventry City centre. At Ball Hill shopping centre on the Walsgrave Road turn right into Clay Lane and our showroom is at the junction with Barras Green and Mercer Avenue.    Organizational Structure of the Barras Home Improvement Company Organization’s Workforce The Barras Home Improvement Company was subdivided into two groups of 8 in the office and 8 in the out field for installation and contractors. The people in office were responsible for customer service and do some paper works and entertain clients or customer. And in addition they lead the customer on the computer lay outing for the home improvement processing. Presentation Situation; The current situation of the organization is very exciting.   Recently, business has relocated to a larger and more efficient facility. This move will enable the company to streamline its method of operation and increase its bottom line. Market environment; The market place is undergoing tremendous technological change. New Technologies of Home improvement and materials are making products increasingly attractive stronger and less costly.   The business is poised now to take advantage of these changes, and expect to become an important supplier of home appliances and home improvement installation. Products and Services; The raw material and other home appliances that we are using were the latest awith high quality materials. This is primarily due to the strong influence of committed manufacturers and the demands of the appliances and raw materials. Gathering and Collection of Data: This investigation adopted the descriptive method of research as this is the appropriate way in evaluating the manager of the Barras Home Improvement Company in relation with his experience in Leadership Management style and behavior. This will be viewed from the responses of his 16 employees in the company. The descriptive method is also defined as studying components to serve as direction in reaching the goal. Its purpose is to tell what exist or what is about a certain business phenomenon, predicting and identifying relationships among and between the variables describe. The data and information was gathered through interview of some customers of Barras Home Improvement Company, employees and through internet the profile of the company has been gathered and studied.    Facts: The company is still a leading company in terms of home improvement because of the experienced manager of the company. The trend of the company was remarkably improving because of the good feedback and referral of the customer. They have the additional benefit of being able to provide a computer aided photo-realistic image that can even show the kitchen, bathroom or bedroom in the finish of their own choice. The Actual Report    Executive Summary    This paper studies the company named Barras Home Improvements (BHI). The purpose of this study is to evaluate effectiveness of the Experiential Leadership Manager to the Business Flows specifically in family business like BHI. This study was conducted to enlighten other businessmen in the market place to exercise Experiential Leadership Management. Background: Barras Home Improvements was formed in 1987. During the past year, the company has positioned itself as a leader in the sales and home improvement. Home Improvement is the field of expertise where a customer can easily choose their desired lay out for their home improvement, guided by the advice support to meet the great improvement of the home. In addition, they are now celebrating a twenty years in service. Barras Home Improvements Company is classified as family Business. They have large selection of Kitchens, Bathrooms and Bedrooms gallery lay-out or so called showrooms. The purpose of the operation of the company is to provide customers with highest standards of quality and service. Their mission statements are choice and value for money, service and quality product, and first class workmanship. Their products are sinks, taps, wall and floor tiles, Amtico flooring and shower enclosures and etc. They are also specialised in the complete installation service covering every aspect from plumbing and electric’s, plastering and minor building work and tiling to maintenance free ceilings. Insurance work is also undertaken and a 12 month written guarantee is given on all our work. They are both CORGI and NIC EIC registered. They also have a promotion of  £50.00 deposit only for the customer’s instillation fee Definition of the Problem       The objective goal of this research is to evaluate the strength and weaknesses of experiential leadership management in business. The Barras Home Improvement is the company that will be treated on this study. Initially, a simple random sample of 16 employees will be given a baseline test organized by the researcher. The results will be compiled for later comparison with the research results, and those initially tested will no longer take part in the study. Questionnaires are one of the most popular ways in which data may be collected. These are used for a range of purposes and will often be the tool used to collect quantitative data. But it is worth mentioning that although this may be classified as mostly a quantitative process of collecting data it may also be a qualitative method, depending on the number, depth and style of the questions. Research questions This study sought to evaluate the Business Manager of Barras Home Improvement Company. Specifically, it aimed to answer the following questions: How to determine the degree that the person like working with task and people? What is the Leadership dimension of the Business Manager of Barras Home Improvement Company possess? What practice of leadership style does the Business Manager of Barras Home Improvement Company have? Is there a significant effect on experiential leadership management to the Barras Home Improvements company employees?    HYPOTHESIS: Ho  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   :  Ã‚   There is no significant effect on experiential leadership management to the Barras Home Improvements employees.                      THEORETICAL Framework   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   the theoretical framework adopted for this study may be reflected in this model below. Input  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Process  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   output    Figure1. This paradigm was used to determine the effect on experiential leadership in the Barras Home Improvements.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This model suggests that Leadership behavior and leadership style survey questionnaire may be anchored on the manager of Barras Home Improvement Company who is Mike Allen. The conceptualization of this study revolved around the notions clearly represented by this model. The paradigm of the study consists of the inputs that contain all those which have been studied in this research. The process consists of the survey questionnaires that were used to analysis the company data.   The output consists of the effects of Experiential Leadership Management to the company performance. Analysis of Variance was also used to treat the data statistically. Research design    Sample Size: All the employees were included in the sample and then the researcher calculated the weighted mean of the survey questionnaire to determine the effect of experiential leadership. Sample selection: Employees of Barras Home Improvements company were selected as sample selection of this study Instrument used: This study used a survey questionnaires of leadership behavior and leadership style    Editing of data: Standard editing and coding procedures with MS-EXCEL program. Analysis of data: Simple tabulation and cross-tabulation used. RESULTS: The following results were gathered and tabulated with the use of leadership survey questionnaire: This study reveals that the Manager of Barras Home Improvements Company has a characteristic of a Team leader. This is because the score 6.9 in the people section and a score of 7.3 in the task section revealed it. The quad where the two lines intersect is the leadership style in case of Team Leader quality. The manager used delegative and democratic leadership style. Sometimes he also used autocratic leadership style may be because it is necessary and it is revealed in the scores that 26 means being autocratic. This means that the style was used in some cases where the problem arises or decision making is required in the process for humanitarian sake. Conclusions: From the results of the experiential leadership management evaluation the following conclusions were drawn: The more experience the manager have the more effective and organized the business is. Experienced manager has more wisdom than an autocratic manager or even none experienced leader. Managers need to be team leaders for building much effective and successful business. A Team leader is the most ideal manager a company needs. Recommendation: This study suggests every businessman to undergo on the survey questionnaire to identify if their characteristics are autocratic, democratic or free reign. The new public relation officers must widen the scope and topics. Leadership Questionnaire Questionnaire Below is a list of statements about leadership behavior. Read each one carefully, then, using the following scale, decide the extent to which it actually applies to you. For best results, answer as truthfully as possible. Never  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sometimes  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Always  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5   _______ encourages team to participate when decision making time comes and also attempts to implement ideas and suggestions. _______ â€Å"Nothing is more important than accomplishing a goal or task†. _______ closely monitor the schedule to ensure a task or project will be completed in time. _______ enjoy coaching people on new tasks and procedures. _______ â€Å"The more challenging a task is, the more he enjoys it. _______ encourages employees to be creative about their job. _______ seeing a complex task through to completion, he ensures that every detail is accounted for. _______ found it easy to carry out several complicated tasks at the same time. _______ enjoy reading articles, books, and journals about training, leadership, and psychology; and then putting what have been read into action. _______ when correcting mistakes, he do not worry about jeopardizing relationships. _______ He manages time very efficiently. _______ He enjoys explaining the intricacies and details of a complex task or project to my employees. _______ breaking large projects into small manageable tasks is second nature to me. _______ nothing is more important to him than building a great team. _______ He enjoys analyzing problems. _______ He honors other peoples boundaries. _______ He Counsels his employees to improve their performance or behavior which is second nature to me. _______ He enjoyed reading articles, books, and trade journals about my profession; and then implemented the new procedures he learned.       Scoring Section Put your answers on the spaces provided for every question. PEOPLE TASK    Question 1.______   4.______   6.______   9.______   10.______   12.______   14.______   16.______   17.______   TOTAL ________ X 0.2 = ________    Question 2.______ 3.______   5.______   7.______   8.______   11.______   13.______   15.______   18.______   TOTAL ________ X 0.2 ________ Leadership Style Survey Directions: This questionnaire is about leadership style ideas. Please encircle any of the number provided for at right-end of each item/statement to express your honest judgment by using the following code: Category  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Weight Almost Always True   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5 Frequently True   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  4 Occasionally True   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3 Seldom True   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2 Almost Never True   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1 1. I always retain the final decision making authority within my department or team. 5 4 3 2 1 2. I always try to include one or more employees in determining what to do and how to do it. However, I maintain the final decision making authority. 5 4 3 2 1 3. I and my employees always vote whenever a major decision has to be made. 5 4 3 2 1 4. I do not consider suggestions made by my employees as I do not have the time for them. 5 4 3 2 1 5. I ask for employee ideas and input on upcoming plans and projects. 5 4 3 2 1 6. For a major decision to pass in my department, it must have the approval of each employee or the majority. 5 4 3 2 1 7. I tell my employees what has to be done and how to do it. 5 4 3 2 1 8. When things go wrong and I need to create a strategy to keep a project or process running on schedule, I call a meeting to get my employees advice. 5 4 3 2 1 9. To get information out, I send it by email, memos, or voice mail; very rarely is a meeting called. My employees are then expected to act upon the information. 5 4 3 2 1 10. When someone makes a mistake, I tell them not to ever do that again and make a note of it. 5 4 3 2 1 11. I want to create an environment where the employees take ownership of the project. I allow them to participate in the decision making process. 5 4 3 2 1 12. I allow my employees to determine what needs to be done and how to do it. 5 4 3 2 1 13. New hires are not allowed to make any decisions unless it is approved by me first. 5 4 3 2 1 14. I ask employees for their vision of where they see their jobs going and then use their vision where appropriate. 5 4 3 2 1 15. My workers know more about their jobs than me, so I allow them to carry out the decisions to do their job. 5 4 3 2 1 16. When something goes wrong, I tell my employees that a procedure is not working correctly and I establish a new one. 5 4 3 2 1 17. I allow my employees to set priorities with my guidance. 5 4 3 2 1 18. I delegate tasks in order to implement a new procedure or process. 5 4 3 2 1 19. I closely monitor my employees to ensure they are performing correctly. 5 4 3 2 1 20. When there are differences in role expectations, I work with them to resolve the differences. 5 4 3 2 1 21. Each is responsible for defining their job. 5 4 3 2 1 22. I like the power that my leadership position holds over subordinates. 5 4 3 2 1 23. I like to use my leadership power to help subordinates grow. 5 4 3 2 1 24. I like to share my leadership power with my subordinates. 5 4 3 2 1 25. Employees must be directed or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives. 5 4 3 2 1 26. Employees will exercise self-direction if they are committed to the objectives. 5 4 3 2 1 27. Employees have the right to determine their own organizational objectives. 5 4 3 2 1 28. Employees seek mainly security. 5 4 3 2 1 29. Employees know how to use creativity and ingenuity to solve organizational problems. 5 4 3 2 1 30. My employees can lead themselves just as well as I can. 5 4 3 2 1 Scoring Section Put your answers on the spaces provided for every questions. Item Score Item Score Item Score 1 ______ 2 ______ 3 ______ 4 ______ 5 ______ 6 ______ 7 ______ 8 ______ 9 ______ 10 ______ 11 ______ 12 ______ 13 ______ 14 ______ 15 ______ 16 ______ 17 ______ 18 ______ 19 ______ 20 ______ 21 ______ 22 ______ 23 ______ 24 ______ 25 ______ 26 ______ 27 ______ 28 ______ 29 ______ 30 ______ TOTAL _______ TOTAL ________ TOTAL ________ Authoritarian Style Participative Style Delegative Style (autocratic) (democratic) (free reign)                         References:    Covello, Joseph and Hazelgren, Brian, (1998). Your First Business Plan.Sourcesbooks 3rd Ed., Inc.USA Culp, C.(2001), The Risk Management Process: Business Strategy and Tactics, Wiley, New York, 60 -75. Gardner, Lawrence , (2006) Why businesses fail: and strategies for a successful turnaround, Detroiter, retrieved July 3, 2006, www.findarticles.com Kiyosaki, Robert T. and Lechter, Sharon L. (2002) Prophecy. Rich Dad’s.Warner Business Books, Inc. USA Spindler, A.,(1984) Publication Information: Book Title: The Politics of International Credit: Private Finance and Foreign Policy in Germany and Japan, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC., P. 37-50. Vlieghe, G.(2001) Corporate Liquidations in the United Kingdom, Bank of England Financial Stability Review Weygandt, Jerry J., Kieso, Donald E. and Kimmel Paul D. (1998) Financial Acounting, John Wiley and son Inc. Canada Yoder James, (2004) Time diversification and changing volatility in an options pricing framework, Journal of Academy of Business and Economics    Unpublished Book: No author, (2007) My firm, Business Resource Services, has developed a process that I call Profit Mastery.,   At the risky end of finance Credit derivatives, Economist

Impressionism in Writing and Art Essay -- Exploratory Essays Research

Impressionism in Writing and Art Realizing that their art would be overshadowed at major art exhibitions such as the Salon in Paris, a group of artists created their own exhibition. Following the painters’ first show in 1874, critics picked up on the title of one of Claude Monet's paintings, Impression, Sunrise 1872. Between 1874 and 1886 this group, dubbed â€Å"impressionists†, put on eight shows in all. Edgar Degas, Camille Pissarro, and Claude Monet were three of the more well know artists of the movement (http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/ impressionism/intro1.shtml). Although not necessarily a cohesive group, impressionist paintings all contained certain characteristics. The artists used very informal techniques while capturing the light and true color of their subjects. Their paintings have a very realistic feel when looked at from a far, however when viewed close up one can clearly see the short, blotchy strokes used by the artist. The paintings of Impressionists were immediate sensations which often captured the artists’ interpretation of everyday life. Diego Martelli remarked that impressionist painters do not â€Å"fabricate their theories first and then adapt the paintings to them, but on the contrary†¦the pictures were born of the unconscious visual phenomenon of men of art (Martelli 2)† Around the same time period a group of writers also demonstrated impressionistic ideals in their writings. As is the case with impressionist painters, writers of the impressionist movement are also difficult to classify. Critics have argued that Joseph Conrad, James Joyce, Stephen Crane and others could all be considered to have impressionistic ideas in their writings. In response to scientism, a belief that scientific m... ... site on the life and work of impressionist artists, here you can browse through impressionist paintings or even ask an expert a question. They even respond to your questions too! http://assets.cambridge.org/0521791731/sample/0521791731WS.pdf Here you can read the introduction to John Peters book Conrad and Impressionism. After his introduction you will want to go out and get the whole book Works Consulted Martelli, Diego. â€Å"A Lecture on Impressionists.† Impressionism and Post-Impressionism 1874-1904. Ed Linda Nochlin. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1966. Peters, John. Conrad and Impressionism. United Kingdom: Cambridge UP, 2001. The Impressionists. History Channel. 2002 Watt, Ian. Conrad in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California, 1979.

Democracy Best Form of Government?

Democracy is best defined as the government of the people, by the people. The classical example of democracy is that of ancient Athens, where the whole populace would meet in the marketplace to vote on decisions. It has been said that democracy is the worst form of government, except all the others have been tried. In my opinion, democracy is not a perfect system, but it is the best form of government when compared to others and is the most effective among all different types of government. In a democratic government, power is given to the people. This allows the people to have a direct say in who governs them, via the votes cast by every adult member of the population. As such it ensures that a government is made up of those who are truly representative of the people, satisfying the population of electing a government that will think about them, care about them and provide for them. Furthermore, when power is given to the people, the people will be more careful when using their power as they will have to bear the consequences if the leader elected is corrupted or not a wise leader. By giving power to the people allows decisions to be made according to the will of the people and also prevents the abuse of power. Citizens are kept informed by the media and are thus fully capable of making an informed decision. Furthermore, the will of the people is far more representative of different groups in society than the condescending rule by elites, who have no understanding of different ways of life. Only the citizens of a country understand what kind of leader they truly needs and in a democratic country they will have the ability to vote for them. Democracy empowers the people and allows them to participate in decision-making, which is why it is the best form of government. Besides power, democracy also allows the freedom of speech and that allows a nation to improve and progress. Democratic nations allow citizens to criticize leaders, their policies and laws. Being open to criticism allows leaders to listen to opinions of the citizens and understand what the citizens truly needs. This allows policies to be improved and the nation to progress better. By silencing the people and censoring any constructive criticisms, citizens will gradually stop thinking critically and start to follow laws blindly. This will be detrimental to the innovation and creation of ideas in a nation. Allowing criticisms can ensure that citizens think critically of how policies and laws will affect them, constantly sharpening their thoughts. Having a population that thinks critically is vital to the progress of a nation, and a democratic government that allows the freedom of speech can allow the nation to improve and progress, thus being the best form of government. As mentioned earlier, democracy is a not perfect form of government. Citizens of a country have never received any training and do not possess any skills needed to face and solve the problems that a state faces. Also, the masses are easily manipulated and tend to act according to their feelings. For example, after the 911 terror attacks in New York, many citizens of America pushed for the use of nuclear technology against Middle East. If America were a full democratic country, it would have already been engulfed into another nuclear war, and the consequences are heavy. As such, expecting the people to elect the â€Å"best tools for the job† is unrealistic. Government from above can see, by virtue of its position and advantages, what is a better solution for problems. Therefore, democracy may not be as effective in certain situations as other forms of government. Furthermore, real, effective leadership must come from above and not from below. The government should give orders, make laws and not take orders from the people. Democracy functions on the unrealistic assumption that all citizens are as capable as the leaders and is able to make the best decision. This is what makes democracy imperfect and ineffective. In conclusion, democracy is, to a large extent, the best form of government. The best form of government is that which teaches us to govern ourselves. However, if man were angels, no government would be necessary. Hence, a balance should be striked between governing the people and allowing them to make decisions themselves, and democracy is the only form of government where such a balance can be found.

India’s Population Boon or Bane Essay

Is India’s population boon or bane This is such a topic that has left everyone with a big question mark and indeed a debatable question with India holding over one billion people, i. e. , more than a sixth of the world’s population. The reason why people are perplexed to this question is because the population can be a boon as well as a bane, it depends how one takes it, in which context. Before moving on to the answer and concepts which will determine whether a population of about 1. 8 billion is a boon or a bane, we must look at some stats and figures: it has been projected that India will be the most populous country of the world by 2025. By 2050, there will be around 9. 1 billion human beings on our planet, up from 6. 5 billion today of which 1. 6 billion will reside in India. A country’s power lies in the hand of citizens and India’s growing population can mark India’s rising power. Technology, innovation, entrepreneurial skills, savvy India’s got in tonnes but these skills itself is not going to take us to the front ranks of the world. The front ranks of the world will happen when billion plus population is empowered. China and India are the two fastest economies of the world and no one is to deny the fact that China is so far ahead right now that India’s momentum could easily get snuffed out. Looking at the history and forecasts made for India’s demography, one can say that India’s demography put her on the driver’s seat. Looking at the current scenario, half of the country’s population is younger than twenty-five. By 2020 the average age of the Indians will be 29 years compared to 37 years for China and 48 years for Japan. This makes quite clear that in coming years, the efficiency of working age group in India will be more than any other country and productivity will increase with time. By 2050, China could have 90 million people in the eighty-five year plus group but India would still be a young country. (Bahl, Superpower? 2010) However, if India fixes its urban operating model, it has the potential to reap a demographic dividend from the increase—of around 250 million expected in the next decade—in the working-age population. By 2025, nearly 28 percent of China’s inhabitants will be aged 55 or older, compared with only 16 percent in India, whose demographic profile is much more youthful. If India optimizes the productivity of its cities and maximizes their GDP, the economy could add more than 170 million urban workers to its labour force from 2005 to 2025, compared with 50 million in China over the same period. (Sankhe 2010) Population has two sides, just like the sides of a coin in a same way India’s population is boon as well as bane. This population of 1. 18 billion which is considered as so-called boon for the country is also the reason behind its stagnant growth in Human Development Index. HDI is not just the measure of the overall social growth of an economy but it is also a replica for the State to take certain economic measures to curb poverty, unemployment rate and form policies which leads to an increase in literacy rate, a balanced sex ratio and better education & health facilities in the country. Today, India is ranked 119 as per the latest UNDP report, even though it is second fastest growing economies of the world and the only reason which could be mentioned for this stagnant growth is population, because this never ending increase in population leads to high poverty rate, unemployment rate and poor literacy rate. According to estimation in 2007, poverty rate is 25% while unemployment rate stood at 10. 7%. (https://www. cia. gov/index. tml 2010) Not only had this, per capita income is estimated to be $3,100 for the year 2009, though it has increased over the last two years since 2007 but no one can deny the fact that poor has become poorer and affluent has gone wealthier with time. The increase in per capita income, in case of India, not suggests reducing social disparity but indicates an increase in the number of millionaires and billionaires in the nation. Population has become a reason for the increase in poverty as well s unemployment which for some time hinders the country’s development but slowly and slowly this very own population becomes the reason for our country’s success. More the number of people more will be the contribution in our country’s success. But what is important, high ranking in HDI or the social benefits for the lower strata of the society? The answer will be different by two different people; the one who believes in overall social development of the economy will definitely go for the latter. Government has the responsibility to cater to the needs of the general public in the society. But when it comes to population of over 1. 8 billion, it’s not that an easy job. What can government do to stop this increase in population? Apart from awareness amongst the masses, nothing, being a democratic nation it can’t impose ‘one chid norm. ’ At the same time, this population contributes to the manpower, entrepreneurial skills, capital, etc. Therefore everybody is in jeopardy, whether they should favour an increase in population or take some serious measures to prevent this increase in population. Hence, there is no end to this debate and there will be altogether different set of arguments from different individuals, religions, castes and communities. Bibliography https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in.html

How to Write Essay Outline With Examples - Paperell.com

How to Write Essay Outline With Examples How to Write Essay Outline With Examples What if you were assigned such a task? How to avoid common mistakes and get a high assessment? Writing any academic paper for any level takes lots of hard work, dedication and creativity, however it also takes proper organization. When you need to write an essay, you should understand how to organize it in a proper way. That’s why an outline exists. If you are wondering what is an outline – it is a skeleton, which helps to structure your essay, figures out the main points of each paragraph, and creates an original structure of an essay. Using an outline, you can write an intelligent paper. In this article, you will find tips that will help you to create an outline for essay, which is an important part of work in student life.Before You Start An EssayHow to write an outline? Before writing an outline for an essay, you should do some things at the beginning. Make sure that you are answering the question – try to figure out the most important thing you need to answe r and then, look for the keywords. They will help you to structure your paper correctly. Choose the right title for your work, if you haven’t a predetermined one yet, and after this, you can start making a structure for your essay.The Structure Of Outline For Essay Main PointsIntroductionAfter you have chosen a topic and a title for your essay, start to write an introduction. The introduction usually starts from afar and ends in the thesis. In the introduction, you should establish your main point of view and get your readers familiar with the general topic you write about. What else should an intro include? It is always important to catch an attention of your readers and to put your main idea in context when you write an introduction. Also, keep in mind that the introduction, as a rule, begins with a discussion of your original topic and shows the proper terms to prepare your thesis.ThesisThe end of an introduction is a thesis. It should be clear and not very long. You need to work well on your thesis to make it understandable for your readers and don’t forget that each body paragraph has to support your thesis. Thus, if you are wondering how to write essay, thesis is the key thing to keep in mind. In the thesis, you should figure out your main point concisely.Body ParagraphsThis type of paper typically has three body paragraphs, which consist of the arguments and evidence. The topics should support your thesis.TransitionsIn a good and effective work, you have to show the connection between paragraphs, using transitions, which can be a final part or a final sentence of the body paragraphs. Moreover, the transitions usually integrate into the next topic sentence.Topic SentencesEvery paragraph in your paper’s body should begin with a topic sentence. Such sentences introduce the theme and give the information that is related to the topic, while each topic sentence should be logically related to the thesis.SupportIn a support, you use argume nts and facts, quotes and anecdotes, data and examples which need to support a topic sentence. There is a one more simple rule. You have to write at minimum three points that support each topic sentence. It could be examples from books, history, or from your private experience but if you don’t have an idea of how to write these examples, you can also ask for some help with essay.ConclusionA conclusion wraps up a paper and sums up all the information you gave and figures out the main point you wrote in your thesis. It never gives any new information or arguments. In a conclusion, you need to write a sentence that is similar to the thesis. Furthermore, you can state the limitations of your work and write something about the possibility for the work that you or other researchers could do in the future to discover the topic fully. In the end, don’t forget to proof For A Paper OutlineHere you can find a universal outline example for essays. There is an outline format you sh ould pay attention to. Using this essay outline template, you will be able to write analytical, interpretive, or persuasive academic papers for your college or university. When you have a general idea of how the outline for research paper should look like, let’s try to learn how to structure your paper with this outline sample.Introduction1) Write a short sentence that should get attention of your future readers.2) Write you statement in a one clear and logical sentence.Body1) First main idea:a) Provide supporting informationb) Give another supporting factc) Include your last supporting idea2) Second main idea:a) Provide supporting informationb) Give another supporting factc) Include your last supporting idea3) Third main ideaa) Provide supporting informationb) Give another supporting factc) Include your last supporting ideaConclusionRepeat your thesis in a different wordingEnd your essay with a one smart sentence

How I Failed at Promoting my Novel with Amazon Advertising

How I Failed at Promoting my Novel with Amazon Advertising How I Failed at Promoting my Novel with Amazon Advertising At Reedsy, we like to stay on top of new marketing opportunities for authors. We covered Product Hunt Books when they launched. Advertising on Amazon (via Amazon Marketing Services) is not â€Å"new†, however, it is still, largely, an untapped resource for authors. In this guest post, indie author Eliot Peper explains how he tried it out, and what the results were.Marketing is a fraught subject among novelists. It’s often seen as outside of our purview, and some look down on those who aggressively market their own work, seeing promotion as a corruption of the creative process. Historically, many authors outsourced their marketing to publishers along with other responsibilities like printing and distribution. But technology-driven changes within the industry are forcing authors to become ever more involved with marketing their books, whether because they’re self-publishing or because their publisher demands it.But novels are not a straight-forward product to promo te. I read about 50 books a year, and I don’t think I ever bought a novel because of a banner ad. Book PR firms have an abysmal track record. Most growth-hacking strategies borrowed from the tech industry simply don’t apply well to fiction. At the end of the day, there’s a single factor that determines a book’s financial success: word-of-mouth. Most often, we buy a book because a trusted friend recommended it.Some indie authors, like Andy Weir and Hugh Howey, have achieved blockbuster success without investing much direct effort into marketing. Others, like Mark Dawson and Nick Stephenson, have engineered semi-automated systems that introduce their stories to new readers and hopefully inspire additional word-of-mouth. My own activities fall somewhere in between these two extremes. When I’m writing and editing a book, it’s a purely artistic process. But once a book is published and out in the world, I look at it through a commercial lens just like any other product.As with other products, I’ve run a variety of marketing experiments for my books to see what works and what doesn’t. I serialized the first book in a trilogy and uploaded it to Medium and Wattpad; ran giveaways on Amazon that were promoted by Bookbub, Booksends, etc.; pitched journalists for coverage; partnered with publications; ran organic and paid social media campaigns; gave talks; published op-eds and guest posts; came on podcasts; and even created real websites and social media profiles for fictional characters and organizations from the books.So when I discovered that Amazon had created a new service to help authors and publishers promote their books, I decided to give it a shot.How Advertising works on AmazonAmazon Marketing Services (AMS) allows you to run campaigns that deliver ads to customers based either on their interests or on specific products they’re viewing. For example, you might target folks that love science fiction o r that are checking out the latest Stephen King bestseller. Amazon then displays the ads on specific product pages or on Kindle home screens.Depending on your settings, there are three main places where your ads may show up:In search results for a particular genre or interestEliot Peper (@eliotpeper) is a novelist and strategist based in Oakland, CA. He writes fast-paced, deeply-researched stories with diverse casts that explore the intersection of technology and society. His fourth novel, Cumulus, is a dark, gritty, standalone science fiction story set in a near-future Bay Area ravaged by economic inequality and persistent surveillance.

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes Essay - 1

Comparative Analysis of Keys to Successful Revenue Synergy Programmes - Essay Example According to the paper  there is no ambiguity relatively in the difference of drivers and expectations of M&A functions changing with time and as per the ongoing economic environment. It is interesting to observe the market behaviour after the recuperation from the recession worldwide on whether companies are currently acquiring for achieving revenue synergies or cost synergies.From this study it is clear that the Kraft acquisition of Cadbury was projected to offer $1 Billion in Synergies, as declared by the Kraft Foods. The incremental revenue synergies of $1billion were excluded of $750 million to be achieved in cost synergies by 2013. These revenue synergies, according to the Kraft, would be derived from the business increase in developing regions from one/fourth of the total revenue to approximately touching one/third after the merger.  The confidence of the Company management is getting reflected from the acquisition, as it expects to become a long-run high-bracket performer in the food industry world wide. Presently, the Company is earning more than 50% of its revenue from outside North America, from countries like Brazil, China, India and Mexico, where GDP and demand growth are the most firm.  Kraft CEO, Irene Rosenfeld, also holds the same opinion from the â€Å"unique and complimentary combination† of Kraft and Cadbury, stating that, â€Å"together with our significant presence in high-growth developing markets, will deliver consistent growth in the top tier of our peer group†.

Pumps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Pumps - Essay Example Identify typical applications stating the advantages and disadvantages for each of the following pump types: i. Single stage horizontal vertical split centrifugal This is a horizontal, single-stage, double volute axially split case centrifugal pump. The suction nozzle and the discharge nozzle which are cast intergrally and the nozzle is configured side by side. APPLICATIONS The single stage horizontal split centrifugal pump is used for different purpoases in different fileds, some of which are: i. The single stage horizontal split centrifugal pumps are broadly used in the fire systems. ii. They are used to a greater extent in oil refining. iii. Petrochemical. iv. Sugar Industry water supply system. v. Paper Industry water supply system. vi. They are used in pipelines for long distance pumping of fluids. vii. Power Generation. viii. They can be used in cycling use of water in air-conditioning ix. They are used in mining industry. x. They are also used in pressurized water transportati on in the waterworks. ADVANTAGES The single stage horizontal split centrifugal pumps have the following distinct advantages: i. Horizontally split casing, double volute minimizes thrust loads and therefore allow for operation over a wide range of capacities. ii. It is a high efficiency design compared to the other designs. iii. It has enclosed impellers and double suction which provides the hydraulic balance and therefore eliminating the axial thrust. iv. It is capable of a clockwise or counter clockwise rotation. v. It has a compact structure which therefore makes it to be space efficient. vi. The pump has an axial which is small in size with little vibration and therefore low noise. vii. They are normally easy to service viii. Horizontal Split Case, can be mounted vertically which also contributes to the efficient use of space and allows flexibility while fitting the pump. DISADVANTAGES i. These pumps are non-self-priming and therefore they are prone to cavitation which therefore necessitates manual priming making its use tedious. ii. There is a high tendency of corrosion inside this pump which is caused by the fluid properties of the fluid pumped. iii. There is a risk of impeller wear which is worsened by presence of suspended solids in the fluid being pumped. iv. There may occur overheating as a resukt of low flow of the fluid in the pump and this usually affects its efficiency v. There is a tendency for leakage to occur along the rotating shaft. b) Horizontal split double suction centrifugal These are pumps that usually have a horizontal pump shaft and with the impeller usually located at the center of the shaft and with a self-contained combination bearing housing with a seal chamber on both impeller sides. Without causing disturbance to the motor or the pipe-work, the split case construction ensures the pump can be set apart in a horizontal plane along the drive shaft.   APPLICATIONS The horizontal split double suction pumps are typically designed for liquid transfer and for circulation of the cold clean or for slightly polluted water. The most common applications include; i. They are used for general purpose pumping ii. The horizontal split double suction centrifugal pumps can be used for air conditioning. iii. They can also be used in cooling towers. iv. The double suction pumps can be used in irrigation and drainage pumping stations.

Friends and interaction Statistics Project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Friends and interaction - Statistics Project Example actions ranging from home to school ambiance that make a positive impact over their friendly relationship and would further outline some more important elements which assist to sway in assisting or restricting in friendly relationships. Out of many other sources to advance the best relations in home and society, the friendship plays greater role, to attain satisfaction and happiness in the whole life, and to this effect, making friends and building friendly relations is very crucial and critical for the younger aged people. – Epicurus (Welty & Sharp, 1991, p. 65). Source: http://www.cyc-net.org/cyc-online/cycol-0610-overton.html Productive human relations are very vital for the lives leading to happiness. Our friendly terms lead to significant roles–they help us to salvage and command confidence in our lives, that lend us happiness and comfort which enforces us in trying situations, and to authenticate our sense of value and our interests. We may be impressed by a lot of people in different ways yet our friendly relationship with our buddies effects us more vividly. We have recounted narrations of the meaning of friendship which dates back to the time immemorial – means as the history mankind is lengthy that much friendship is lengthy. Cicero writes - now friendship possesses many splendid advantages, but of course the finest thing of all about it is that it sends a ray of hope into the future, and keeps our hearts from faltering or falling by the wayside. For the man who keeps his eye on a true friend keeps it, so to speak, on a model of himself: For this reason, friends are together when they are separated, they are rich when they are poor, strong when they are weak, and a thing even harder to explain – they live on after they have died, so great is the honor that follows them, so vivid the memory, so poignant the sorrow. (Welty & Sharp, 1991, p. 72). Not only the educationists do even the parents perceive the significance of friendly relations with

Motivational Impairment in Schizophrenia

Motivational Impairment in Schizophrenia ANTICIPATING PLEASURE AND EFFORT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA 1 Do People With Schizophrenia Have Difficulty Anticipating Pleasure, Engaging in Effortful Behavior, or Both? David E. Gard, Amy H. Sanchez, Kathryn Cooper, Melissa Fisher, Coleman Garrett, and Sophia Vinogradov Citation Gard, D. E., Sanchez, A. H., Cooper, K., Fisher, M., Garrett, C., Vinogradov, S. (2014, August 18). Do People With Schizophrenia Have Difficulty Anticipating Pleasure, Engaging in Effortful Behavior, or Both?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Advance online publication. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/abn0000005 Introduction The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of â€Å"motivational impairment† on the goal directed behavior of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. This was accomplished by measuring the levels of pleasure (reward) and effortfulness in the activities and future goals of the subjects. These two factors were selected to be measured due to the fact that they are two of the component processes of motivation which has been proven by previous research to be affected by schizophrenia. Research has found inconsistencies in the assessment of pleasure and reward in schizophrenia patients. For instance, while Anhedonia has been frequently reported to be associated with schizophrenia (Herbener Harrow, 2002; see Gard et al., 2014), patients do not report a decrease in pleasure or positive stimuli (Cohen Minor, 2010; see Gard et al., 2014). These inconsistencies have been explained to be the result of clear-cut distinctions between the different temporal components associated with specific types of reward and pleasure. Schultz (2002) and Wise (2002) (as cited in Gard et al., 2014) have shown that there is a physiological difference in how anticipatory pleasure and consummatory (in-the moment) pleasure are processed in the brain. While consummatory pleasure involves serotonergic and opioid systems, anticipatory pleasure involves dopaminergic and mesolimbic projections (Schultz, 2002; Wise, 2002; see Gard et al., 2014). In another study conducted using an Ecological Mome ntary Assessment (EMA), participants with schizophrenia showed similar levels of consummatory pleasure, but depleted levels of anticipatory pleasure (Gard et al., 2007; see Gard et al., 2014). Consequently, pleasure was selected to be a dependent variable (DV) in this study. Individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia have reported difficulty in anticipating rewards (Buck Lysar, 2013; Gard et al., 2007; see Gard et al., 2014) as well as in processing rewards (Strauss, Waltz Gold 2008; see Gard et al., 2014). The link between reward and motivation has been established through the study conducted by Juckel et al. (2006) (as cited in Gard et al., 2014) which showed decreased ventral striatal activation during reward processing from individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia; decreased ventral striatal activation has been associated with anhedonia (Juckel et al., 2006; see Gard et al., 2014). This also relates reward to anticipatory pleasure. Research has indicated that patients with high negative symptoms of schizophrenia have difficulty assessing the effort required to accomplish a task which would provide a high reward (Gold et al., 2013; see Gard et al., 2014). Furthermore, in addition to difficulties assessing the effort involved, patients also appeared to have difficulty putting in the effort required to do a particular task. In relation to reward, Fervaha, Graff-Guerrero, et al. (2013) (as cited in Gard et al., 2014) showed that patients of schizophrenia only had problems when it came to the assessment of the effort involved to achieve a reward, and not when ascertaining the value of a reward. (Fervaha, Graff-Guerrero, et al. 2013; see Gard et al., 2014) In light of the aforementioned findings in past literature, the researchers came up with three assumptions, and the resulting research questions reflected them. The assumptions were that individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia would have: A deficit in anticipatory pleasure Difficulty in anticipating and processing rewards Difficulty assessing and expending the necessary effort required to accomplish a task Using these assumptions, the researchers of the present study came up with 5 research questions. The following has been taken from Gard et al. (2014) Compared with a socio-demographically matched group of healthy participants, do participants with schizophrenia demonstrate fewer daily activities and goals, decreased anticipatory pleasure for their upcoming goals, decreased pleasure-based goals, but intact in-the-moment pleasure? (Hypothesis) Do participants with schizophrenia pursue goals and activities that are less effortful than healthy comparison participants, and do they have difficulty assessing the effort of an upcoming goal? (Hypothesis) Do people with schizophrenia have difficulty completing their goals, and is this related to anticipation or experience of pleasure, or to how effortful the goal is? (Hypothesis) In people with schizophrenia, what is the relationship of anticipatory pleasure and effort exertion or assessment to: cognitive dysfunction, symptoms, and functioning? (Alternative Hypothesis) To what degree could group differences found in Questions 1– 4 be explained by any other non-diagnostic group differences? (Alternative Hypothesis) Participants The selection of participants differed between the experimental and control group. The subjects for the control group were selected through postings on the Internet and the distribution of flyers in the San Francisco Bay Area. Initially, forty-three individuals agreed to participate and signed the informed consent forms. However two of them dropped out; one, finding the study to be too much of a burden, dropped out on the first day, and the other failed to respond to even a third of the phone calls. The subjects for the experimental group were selected from outpatient clinics and day treatment centers in the Bay Area. Fifty patients of schizophrenia initially signed the informed consent forms but three decided to drop out; two dropped out even before the experiment started citing that it was too intrusive, and the other dropped out after two calls on the first day. All in all, the results of the study were formulated based on the results from forty-one subjects without schizophrenia and forty-seven subjects with either schizophrenia (n=31) and schizoaffective disorder (n=16). Diagnoses for the conditions were confirmed for all participants using the DSM-IV-TR. Strict exclusion criteria for the whole sample, and especially for the patient group, were established and implemented. Individuals who had had traumatic head injuries which leads to bouts of unconsciousness, had substance abuse problems in the last six months, mental disorders, or illiterate in English were all excluded. Patients who had been hospitalized in the last three months or had had their medication or dosage changed in the last month were also excluded from the study. Both groups were predominantly white males and had relatively no demographic differences between groups except for the symptoms for the disorder and employment rates. Only 17 percent of the individuals in the patient groups were employed full time or part time (4% and 13% respectively), compared to the 68 percent of full time and part time employees (24% and 44% respectively) in the control group. The experimenters did account for this discrepancy during the results phase. Method Four different types of assessments were used during this study, although the EMA remained the primary form of assessment of pleasure and effort. The Ecological Momentary Assessment is generally used in situations where specific activities and goals of the participants in a study need to be explicated. This study utilized a modified version of the EMA where cell phone calls were used instead of the traditional self-report forms, which were filled at particular intervals of time; cell phones were provided to every participant irrespective of who does or doesn’t own a cell phone. Trained research assistants called each participant four times every day, between 0900hrs and 2100hrs, for seven days to conduct a â€Å"semi-structured† interview. A majority of the questions were open ended and participants were encouraged to give detailed descriptions of their daily activities and goals. Some questions asked them how much pleasure/effort was associated with a particular task; their responses were rated on a Likert Scale (0 = not at all; 5 = extremely). The answers were categorized based on the research questions. Four independent raters then scored the pleasurability, effortfulness, difficulty, and etc†¦ of all the goals and activities reported by the participants on a 0-3 Likert Scale. A subset of participants with no demographic differences from the original sample was also tested to determine the difficulty of the tasks they attempted; also measured on a 0-5 Likert Scale. After the completion of the week of EMA, two independent research assistants travelled to the homes of the participants in order to determine the levels of stimulation and reward provided by the environment. Several subjects from the patient and control group (seven and nine respectively) decided to opt out from this stage of assessment citing different reasons. The levels of stimulation and reward were measured in terms of three elements; aesthetics of the home, availability of media, and social stimulation. These were measured using a combination of a modified version of the Environmental Assessment Scale (EASy) and the Home Observation for the Measurement of the Environment (HOME). Scores from each of the three elements as well as individual scores were averaged; the results had high inter-rater reliability. Two additional assessments were conducted on the patient group; they were tested for neurocognition, and were also clinically rated for functioning. During the former, 40 subjects with no demographic differences completed a Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (METRICS) Consensus Cognitive Battery. An overall average of their results was used for all the future analyses. During the latter, a Quality of Life Scale (QLS) was used to assess overall functioning of patients with respect to elements such as â€Å"social initiative† and â€Å"capacity for empathy†; â€Å"motivation† and â€Å"anhedonia† were not measured since they were already been used as DVs for the EMA. Procedure Rigorous pilot testing was carried before the actual experiment was conducted. Factors such as whether participants understand what the terms â€Å"activity† and â€Å"goals† meant in the context of the present study were determined during the piloting phase. After participants were selected, orientations on how to properly respond to an EMA during laboratory testing were conducted; they were subsequently required to provide written informed consent before going any further. Most of the basic questions that research assistants asked during the study were previously determined with respect to their effectiveness. Before they were provided a larger sample of the study to be rated, the coders were extensively trained for their task using a smaller subset of the original sample. When the results from the EMA were presented to the four independent raters, the responses from the experimental and control group were presented together in a randomized fashion. Attributes that were to be rated by the coders (such as pleasurable activities and effortful activities) were clearly defined within parameters. As previously mentioned, cell phones were provided to each participant to be used purely for the purposes of the study, and to be returned after its conclusion. The EMA and subsequent home assessments were recorded on audio for post hoc quality assessment. Monetary compensations were provided to every participant upon the completion of the whole study (marked by the returning of the cell phones) and for the completion of the several different assessments conducted during it; the amounts were different for each assessment. Data Analysis The independent variables (IVs) for all stages of assessment were individuals with schizophrenia and individuals without schizophrenia. The dependent variables (DVs), however, weren’t as consistent throughout the experiments, except for pleasure and effort. A number of other variables such as reward, difficulty, and sociability were also measured during the different stages of the study. The basic design of every experiment conducted in the study was to determine how the experimental group was different from the control group with respect to the numerous DVs they were being tested on. Two types of analyses were used to determine the statistical significance of the results obtained. The theoretical principles of these analyses are too convoluted to be properly explained, but for all intents and purposes, they seem to have been implemented correctly. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) was used in EMA analyses. Its effectiveness comes from the fact that it can categorize data into separate levels so that analysis of data from one level wouldn’t influence others. The EMA data were separated into Level one data (the multiple observations of participants) and level two data (between group differences in terms of neurocognition and functioning). For each research question and assessment, separate analyses of variation (ANOVA) were computed and their significance determined. Significance levels obtained through the HLM were presented as â€Å"pseudo-r2†. Independent sample t tests were conducted on the results obtained during the home assessments. It was used to determine whether or not the average level of stimulation that was computed for the control and experimental group was significant, with respect to each of the three aforementioned elements they were being measured on. Furthermore, the significance for the results of all five of the research questions seems to involve computation of t tests. The p values for them varied from 0.5, 0.1, and 0.001. Limitations and Future Research Dr. Marvin Monroe, Department of Psychology, Springfield University Sir, As requested, I have reviewed the study about pleasure and effort in schizophrenia, and it has got a number of interesting findings. Analysis of the results revealed that subjects with schizophrenia indeed set less effortful goals and engaged in less effortful activities. They also found that patients had difficulty determining with accuracy how difficult or effortful a task was going to be (in terms of resultant rewards). However, unlike the two aforementioned findings which were within the researchers’ expected results, the final finding was not; it showed that patients with schizophrenia engaged in more pleasurable activities, and that they set goals that were, and also anticipated by them, to be more pleasurable. I also analyzed the study for potential limitations and further research areas. In terms of limitations, it had many. Employment differences between the two sample groups felt like a deal breaker; however, the researchers did not find any significant difference when they computed the study for employment differences. The researchers themselves pointed out many, if not most, of the limitations that I found in this study. They highlighted four of them in the discussions and gave possible reasons for their occurrence. The foremost limitation according to the researchers was the reason behind the unexpected result which disproved their hypothesis. According to them, the social interactions with the research assistants might have induced pleasurable feelings within some participants. Other limitations include them focusing solely on short-term goals, the relatively new use of home assessment as a tool for measuring motivation in schizophrenia patients (which they also pointed out as a fut ure research area), and the fact that some assessments used fewer number of participants than the actual sample group. The researchers reported that there are no data available on â€Å"the relationship between effort assessment and functioning† and the â€Å"assessment of effort in daily life in Schizophrenia†. Another key area of research could be why social interactions increased anticipatory pleasure in patients with schizophrenia. This study illustrates several different ways in which schizophrenia patients could increase their motivation about everyday activities and goals. It was a very fascinating read. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to review such a study. Sincerely, Ibrahim Fatheen Abdul Sameeu